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Sound Reinforcement System

A sound reinforcement system amplifies and distributes live or recorded sounds to make them adequately loud and intelligible for audiences. It has basic components like microphones to capture sound, signal processors like pre-amplifiers and equalizers to prepare the signal, and loudspeakers to broadcast the sound over long distances. Microphones come in different shapes and directivities to suit various uses, while loudspeakers include woofers, mid-range speakers and tweeters to cover the full audio frequency range. A sound reinforcement system aims to uniformly deliver high quality sound across audiences.

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Samyuktha Suresh
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93 views

Sound Reinforcement System

A sound reinforcement system amplifies and distributes live or recorded sounds to make them adequately loud and intelligible for audiences. It has basic components like microphones to capture sound, signal processors like pre-amplifiers and equalizers to prepare the signal, and loudspeakers to broadcast the sound over long distances. Microphones come in different shapes and directivities to suit various uses, while loudspeakers include woofers, mid-range speakers and tweeters to cover the full audio frequency range. A sound reinforcement system aims to uniformly deliver high quality sound across audiences.

Uploaded by

Samyuktha Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sound

Reinforcement
System
Definition
A sound reinforcement system is an electro-mechanical system
that makes live or pre-recorded sounds louder and may also
distribute those sounds to a larger or more distant audience
Objectives
To reinforce the sound, which would otherwise be inadequate.
To provide adequate loudness and intelligibility.
To reproduce the sound, which was recorded earlier
Requirement
Travel to the audience at larger distance
Adequacy of sound level
Uniform sound level
No distorted frequency of sound
Durability and economy
Basic components
Types of Microphones

Shape and use


Directivity
Microphone sensitivity
Microphone sensitivity is typical measurement of acoustical
pressure conversion into electrical energy.
The microphone sensitivity is based on a 1 kHz frequency at 94
dB SPL or 1 Pascal (Pa) pressure conversion to milli-volts
(mV) unit of electrical signal.
Signal processing

• Pre-amplifier amplifies low-level Signals


• It also combines and select the signals as required (Mixer)
• Pre-amplifier minimize the noise that may present in the
signal
• A pre-amplifier processes a signal to make it fit for the next
stage in the signal chain.
A Power Amplifier is an electronic device that can increase the
power of a signal by increase the amplitude of a signal

A Graphic Equalizer is a high order audio control unit that


control a number of different frequency bands at a specific
audio range.
Loudspeaker
Loudspeaker is an equipment that converts electrical input signals/
impulses into sound. The term “loudspeaker” may refer to individual
transducers, which are popularly known as “drivers” or to complete
speaker systems consisting of an enclosure containing one or more
drivers.

Use of loudspeaker

Aural Communication : Used for communicating sound to large audience


Sound Reinforcement : Produce sufficient loud sound to all parts of the
auditorium
Sound Production : Various live performance, it supplement some part of
musical playbacks
Sound Reproduction : Recorded sound reproduced for some identified
events
Types of loudspeaker
Woofer
A Woofer is a loudspeaker unit designed to produce extremely low-
frequency bass sounds. It mainly covers the frequency range from 20 to
200 Hz. Woofers are also further classified as Pre-woofer, Woofer and
Subwoofer
Mid-range Speaker
A Mid-range speaker reproduces sound in the middle level frequency
zones. It generally covers the frequency range from 250 to 2000 Hz. It
is also known as a squawker
Tweeter
A Tweeter is designed to produce high frequency sound. It typically
covers the frequency range from 2000 to 20,000 Hz.
Full-range driver
A full-range driver is a combination of array of speakers designed to
reproduce the sound covering and the entire audio frequency range.
Full-range driver is mostly adopted in column loudspeaker.
Loudspeaker sensitivity
It defines the loudspeaker’s ability to effectively convert the
electrical power to sound. Traditionally speaker’s sensitivity
measures in a standard of 1 watt / 1 meter.
Directivity

In a loudspeaker system, the directivity is an indicator of how


effective the speaker is at taking the sound it produces and
sending it in one particular direction.

A loudspeaker that is a high directivity device is commonly


called a "long throw" device. A speaker with low directivity is
a "short throw" device.

A "short throw" speaker system is used to cover the areas nearer


to the loudspeaker A "long throw“ speaker system is used to
cover the areas furthest away from the loudspeaker.
The wave length of the sound varies within a wide range, usually
1cm to 18m.
So, the similar directivity or throw for all frequencies is not
possible. Bass frequencies (low frequency) have very long
wavelengths and it is having short throw The High frequency
sound have Short wavelength and long throw
Vertical Coverage
HORIZONTAL COVERAGE
Central System
Distributed System
Sound Masking System
Sound masking is ambient background sound engineered to match the frequency of
human speech for greater speech privacy.
Sound masking is an ambient sound, similar to the sound of airflow, that’s specifically
engineered to the frequency of human speech you can target conversational
distractions and make them less distracting. Sound masking does not cancel sound or
eliminate all speech noise in an environment; it simply reduces how far away
conversations can be heard and understood by others, which we call the radius of
distraction.
sound masking is specifically engineered to match the frequencies of human speech
and to sound comfortable, even pleasant, to the human ear. When implemented
properly, sound masking should just fade into the background “hum” of a workplace
while simultaneously making speech more difficult to hear and understand
Conversely, the frequency of white noise would be extremely irritating if it were
amplified to a volume that would be effective for masking human speech — think
“loud AM radio static.” It might cover up the sounds of human speech, but not
effectively or efficiently since it is not specifically engineered to do so.
THANK YOU

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