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Research Article

The document summarizes a research article that presents the design of a compact and wideband circularly polarized monopulse antenna array. The design consists of a small antenna element with good impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. An array structure is proposed using rat-race couplers and branch-line couplers to generate independent sum and difference patterns while also improving the circular polarization characteristics. Simulation results show the antenna achieves control of circular polarization diversity in both sum and difference beams with good 3dB axial ratio bandwidth and deep null depth, making it suitable for tracking applications.

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Syed Bukhari
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29 views

Research Article

The document summarizes a research article that presents the design of a compact and wideband circularly polarized monopulse antenna array. The design consists of a small antenna element with good impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth. An array structure is proposed using rat-race couplers and branch-line couplers to generate independent sum and difference patterns while also improving the circular polarization characteristics. Simulation results show the antenna achieves control of circular polarization diversity in both sum and difference beams with good 3dB axial ratio bandwidth and deep null depth, making it suitable for tracking applications.

Uploaded by

Syed Bukhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Article

Polarization Diversity Controllable Monopulse


Antenna Array Design
Author: Saeid Karamzadeh

Presented by: Muhammad Shehryar - 200701030

Presented to: Dr Amin


Abstract:
 The design of a compact and wideband circularly polarized (CP) Monopulse
antenna is presented.
 Firstly, the small-sized antenna element (13mm × 13mm), with the impedance
bandwidth (BW) of 80.5% (4.3-10.1 GHz) and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of
48.1% (6-9.8 GHz), and the gain of 7.2 dBic is designed.
 The array structure consists of two rat-race couplers; two metalized via holes that
generate sum and difference patterns, and four branch-line couplers for CP
characteristic improvement.
 The proposed antenna is capable of controlling CP diversity in both sum and
difference beams.
 Additionally, with 50% BW and 25% 3-dB AR results and also with null-depth of
less than −48 dB, it is a convenient design for tracking purposes.
Introduction:
 Monopulse radars are a perfect choice for tracking and detecting targets due to their
capability of gathering the target distance and angle information with high speed and
accuracy using a single pulse [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].
 Many techniques to realize Monopulse array antennas have been reported in recent years
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].
 Employing WG horn antennas is a common way, but it suffers from large size and
difficulty in instructions. So, planar structure antennas are used in designing monopulse
radar.
 Circularly polarized (CP) antennas have unique features such as the ability to reduce polarization
mismatch resulting from the multipath interference of wave propagation and also the ability to cross
the ionosphere has been considered by many researchers in various applications [4], [9], [10], [11],
[12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].
Recent Work:
 A dual polarized (CP and LP) Monopulse antenna is introduced in [11] ; it has 2 × 2
Microstrip patch antenna arrays with two ports.
 In [12] a 2 × 2 reconfigurable CP patch antennas using a switchable Monopulse comparator
network have been reported. The sum and difference outputs are provided based on a
reconfigurable phase convertor.
 In most of the works which up to now have been reported, the Monopulse antennas are not
capable of controlling CP diversity in both sum and difference beams independently, and it
is the main goal of this paper.
 Compared to similar studies in the literature, the presented antenna offers circular polarization diversity
control for the first time, in addition to its size, bandwidth, and gain advantages.
The comparison between proposed dual CP antenna element with recent works .
Design Procedure:
 In the first step, a dual port, dual CP antenna element is designed.
 The proposed element controls the CP diversity by helping input ports and based on this feature, the feed
network to achieve dual CP Monopulse has been designed.
 The proposed feed network composes of two 180-degree rat-race couplers which play a role as comparator
section, and four 90-degree branch line couplers to improve CP features.
 The proposed antenna has a broadband impedance BW, 3-dB axial ratio, and high gain, and also supports a
good null depth of less than −48 and −38dB for ports 1 and 2, respectively.
 The measured results confirm the designed and simulated one.
Antenna Element:

 The output signal from the first layer is


transferred to the second layer by two
metalized holes.
 The middle layer patch by exciting two
equal amplitude power while having a 90-
degree phase difference provides E-field
rotation and CP condition.
 When the E-field is rotated in the second
layer, undoubtedly, it will rotate in the
coupled layer, and consequently, a CP
condition on the upper layer will be
observed.
 The second layer E-field distribution
while exciting each of the input ports is
shown in Figure 2. As seen by
stimulating each of ports 1 and 2, the
E-field distribution rotated in a state of
RH (Figure 2a) or LH (Figure 2b),
respectively.
 The simulated results of the scattering
parameters of the proposed antenna are
displayed in Figure 3 a. The proposed
antenna covers a frequency region from 4.3
to 10.1 GHz for both input ports.
 The simulated axial ratio and gain of the
proposed antenna for ports 1 and 2 are
displayed in Fig. 3b. As illustrated, the
proposed antenna has an AR.
Intensity And Phase Distributions
 The intensity and phase distributions of the
near-field of the proposed antenna at the
frequency of 8GHz are displayed in Fig. 4. The
figure results confirm that the proposed antenna
elements provide a beam with a directive
pattern and a near-field rotation around the axis
of the beam which proved by phase
distribution.
 Obviously, there is a trade-off between results,
and with increasing a parameter other one is
possibly decreased.
 The proposed antenna with a compromise
between results has better performance with all
parameters.
Feed Network:
 When each of the sum pattern ports (6) is excited, the
radiation input ports receive an equal amplitude with
phase differences of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees,
leading to a CP directive radiation pattern.
 Likewise, by stimulating each of the different pattern
ports (1), both rat-race coupler hybrid output ports
receive the same magnitude and phase. These signals
enter the branch line coupler inputs, and consequently,
at output ports of the branch line coupler, an equal
amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are
generated, which is a suitable condition for arising a
1×2 CP array
 As shown in Fig 1, creating both inputs
of sum and difference in the same layer
is impossible. The difference beam ports
by helping a metalized via hole are
transferred to another layer.
 The designed metalized via covers a
frequency region from 4 to 11 with an
insertion loss of less than −0.5dB entire
operation frequency.
 The return and insertion losses of proposed
feed networks in two states of sum and
differences in beam ports are displayed in Fig
2.
 the return losses for all ports are less than
−10dB from 6 to 10GHz.

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