Elements of a

Story
 Elements of a Story:
• Setting – The time and place a story takes place.
• Characters – the people, animals or creatures in a story.
• Plot – the series of events that make up a story.
• Conflict – a problem or struggle between two people, things or ideas.
Setting

Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

 Setting
• The setting describes where Details can describe:
an when the story takes place.  Time of day
• It helps build background and  Time of year
create images in the mind.  Time in History
 Scenery
• It helps set the tone or mood
 Weather
of the story.  Location
 Using the Five Senses
• A good setting helps • SIGHT
the reader visualize • SMELL
the places in the • TASTE
story.
• FEEL
• A good author
• SOUND
includes
descriptions of the
setting using the five
senses…
 Take a Look…Which is better?

The castle
was beside
the water.

OR…

The waves crashed loudly against the shoreline. The

fog lifted lightly and the medieval castle came into
view. It was a beautiful site! The fog brushed my
face and I could smell the smoke from the fire in the
distance and taste the sea salt on my lips.
 Your Turn… Seatwork#
2
• On the next slide, there is a picture of a setting.
• In your own words, write a detailed description of the
setting in your picture. Include many adjectives and
don’t forget to include descriptions for each of the five
senses: see, hear, feel, smell, taste
• Extension: Draw your own setting and then write
about it.
Characters

Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

 Every story needs
Characters…

People Animals Or Creatures

The protagonist is the “good
guy”
The antagonist is the “bad guy”
or force
 Characterization
Characterization is the way in which an author shows
the personality of a character

Characterization is a technique writers use to make

characters “come to life.”
 Think about your favorite book,
movie or TV character…
• How can you describe his/her appearance?
• What kind of personality does he/she have?
• What kinds of things does he/she like?
• Make a list of character traits for this character.
 Characterizati
on
Characters are people or animals in a story.
A writer can tell you directly about a character…
(Freddy was very competitive)
Or
A writer can tell you indirectly about a character…
(Two days before the game, Freddy gathered his
teammates and laid out his plan. Then he looked at them
and said, “We are going to win this one. No excuses.”)
 Direct
Characterization
• Direct Characterization • “The patient boy and the
tells the reader the quiet girl were both well
personality of the behaved and did not
character. disobey their mother.
• Direct Characterization is
obvious to the reader and
“spells” it right out.
 Indirect
Characterization
• Indirect The boy sat next to his
Characterization shows sister as she poked him
things that reveal the and teased him. He did
personality of the not react. He carefully
character. picked up her doll from
• Speech the floor and placed it
• Thought on her lap saying gently,
• Effect on Others “Here you go, why don’t
you play with your
• Actions doll?”
• Looks
 Characterization
…
☻What does the character say? How does the character speak?

☻ What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts

and feelings?

☻ What is the character’s effect on others? How do other

characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?

☻ What does the character do? How does he/she behave?

☻ What does the character look like? Dress like?

 Character Traits
Character Traits are descriptive adjectives that tell us
specific qualities of a character
•Honest •Excited •Bright •Unselfish •Humble •Ambitious
•Light-hearted •Studious •Courageous •Self-confident •Friendly •Able
•Leader •Inventive •Serious •Respectful •Short •Quiet
•Expert •Creative •Funny •Considerate •Adventurous •Curious
•Brave •Thrilling •Humorous •Imaginative •Hard-working •Reserved
•Conceited •Independent •Sad •Busy •Timid •Pleasing
•Mischievous •Intelligent •Poor •Patriotic •Shy •Bossy
•Demanding •Compassionate •Rich •Fun-loving •Bold •Witty
•Thoughtful •Gentle •Tall •Popular •Daring •Fighter
•Keen •Proud •Dark •Successful •Dainty •Tireless
•Happy •Wild •Light •Responsible •Pitiful •Energetic
•Disagreeable •Messy •Handsome •Lazy •Cooperative •Cheerful
•Simple •Neat •Pretty •Dreamer •Lovable •Smart
•Fancy •Joyful •Ugly •Helpful •Prim •Impulsive
•Plain •Strong •Selfish •Simple- •Proper •Loyal
minded
 Factors in Analyzing
Characters
 Physical appearance/what they look like
 Personality & Character Traits
 Background/personal history
 Motivation/why do they act?
 Relationships
 Conflict or struggles
 Does the character change?
 What do they think and feel?
 How do others feel about them?
 Character
Motivation
• Character Motivation is the driving force behind why
the character does what he/she does. (Reasons for
character’s actions)
• What does the main character want more than
anything else (main goal)?
• What do secondary characters want more than
anything else (main goal)?
• What potential conflicts or struggles might exist
between the characters?
 Snow White: Character
•
Motivation
Character Motivation. Why does the queen’s heart turn
against Snow White?
• Character Motivation. Why do the dwarfs allow Snow
White to stay with them?
• Character Motivation. Why does the queen disguise herself
as an old peddler woman?
• Character Motivation. Why does the queen give Snow
White the poison apple?
 Your Turn…Think of a character from a
book, a movie or TV…
• Who is the character? From what story?
• What does he/she want?
• What does he/she need?
• What is his/her motivation?
• What does he/she do to get what they need?
• How does the character change during the movie, book or TV show?
 Character Poem Example of poem
First name ________________________ Snow White,
Four traits ________________________
Beautiful, giving, loving, unhappy
Related to:________________________
Cares deeply for _____________________
The Queen, her wicked stepmother
Who feels ________________________ The seven dwarfs
Who needs ________________________ Safe in the forest
Who gives _________________________ The love of a Prince
Who would like to see __________________ Love to the seven dwarfs
Resident of ________________________ Goodness throughout the kingdom
The forest.
Plot

Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

 Plot

Plot - the events that take place in a story. Every story

needs a plot! The plot has different “parts…”
 Plot Components
Climax: the turning point, the most
intense moment—either mentally
or in action

Rising Action: the series of Falling Action: all of the

events and conflicts in the story action which follows the
that lead to the climax climax

Exposition: the start of the story, Resolution: the conclusion, the

before the action starts tying together of all of the threads
The climax is the most exciting
part!!
 Special Techniques of Plot…
 Suspense- excitement or tension
 Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of
events to tell about something that happened
in the past
 Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does
not expect
 And…Foreshadowing…
A hint about what will happen next is
called foreshadowing

For example, if you hear this:

Then you know someone’s about to get eaten!

 Your Turn…
• You will be given a short story to read.
• Once you’ve finished reading, fill out the plot diagram for the
story.
Conflict

Walsh Publishing Co. 2009

 Conflict
• Conflict is the “battle” between two forces.

• Conflict isn’t always bad..sometimes it helps

to create change.
• Conflict is the struggle between two forces in
a story. Without conflict, there is no plot.
 Types of Conflict
Character vs Character

Character vs Nature

Character vs Society

Character vs Self
Types Of Conflict…a deeper look
1.Character vs. Character
(problem with another character)

2. Character vs. Nature

(problem with force of nature)

3. Character vs. Society

(problem with the laws or beliefs of a group)
(character vs. community, society or culture)

4. Character vs. Self

(problem with deciding what to

do or think; “inner conflict”)

 Your turn…
What’s a well-known
movie that has…
Character vs. Character Conflict
Character vs. Nature Conflict
Character vs. Society
Character vs. Self