VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

INTERNSHIP REPORT ON

“TUNGABHADRA DAM POWER HOUSE’’

(ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION FROM HYDRO POWERPLANT)

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

during the year
2022-23

INTERNSHIP BY

G VAMSHIKRISHNA [3PG19EE005]

PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225

Under the Guidance of

HOD Prof. Firdose P. M.Tech PRINCIPAL
Prof. PRAKASHA .S M.TECH. (PhD) Dr. Rohith U M
Assistant Professor
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 History
 Technical Details
 Dam Power House
 Reservoir
 Catchment Area
 Control Gate
 GENERATION UNIT
 Major Components of Generation Unit
 TRANSMISSION UNIT
 Major Components of Transmission Unit
 Advantages , disadvantages & Applications of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
History

The Tungabhadra dam also known as Pampa Sagar is constructed across the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of
the Krishna River, the dam is in Hosapete, vijayanagara district of Karnataka it is a multipurpose dam serving
irrigation, electricity generation, flood control etc.
The main contractor for the dam was Venkat Reddy, from Konour village, Andra Pradesh.
Technical Details

The dam creates the biggest reservoir on the Tungabhadra River with 101 tmcft of gross storage capacity at full
reservoir level (FRL) 498 m, and water spread area of 378 square kilo metes. The dam is 49.39 meters high above
its deepest foundation. 33 crest gates

Dam Power House

Dam Power House is located at the foot of the dam. The gross head available at dam powerhouse for generation of
power varies from 13m to 26.8m (43ft to 88ft). The four turbines are connected with four steel penstocks, each of
3.3m (11 ft.) diameter.
 Reservoir
Reservoir is the prime requirement of hydro electric power plant where the water is stored for power generation and the stored
water is used to run the turbines. The Tungabhadra reservoir popularly known as ‗Lake view.

Catchment Area
It is the area of the land where rain water is stored behind the dam and it is called the catchment area of the dam.
Control Gate
Water from the reservoir is allowed to flow through the penstock to the turbine. The amount of water which
is to be released in the penstock can be controlled by a control gate.
GENERATION UNIT
Major Components of Generation Unit
Generator
Type and Rating of Generator:
Number of installed Four (4)

Type of Generator Vertical shaft, Kaplan turbine driven, alternating

current synchronous generator.

Rated Output 9 MVA

Rated Power Factor 0.9 lagging

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

No. of phases Three (3)

Rated Voltage 11 KV

Rated Speed 214.28 rpm

Direction of Rotation Clockwise viewed from top

Runnaway speed 780 mim-1

Stator winding connection Star (Y)

 Working Principle of Hydro Electric Power Plant

Hydroelectric power is developed from Hydroelectric Power Plant or Hydroelectric Power Station. It develops
hydroelectricity to utilize the potential energy of water. In hydroelectric power plant, water is stored in a dam called
hydroelectric dam which is located upper level from the ground especially any hilly areas. Water head is created by
construction the dam across any river or lake. This type of water head store huge potential energy. The water fall
into water turbine and the potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is
converted into mechanical energy at the turbine shaft. A hydroelectric generator or alternator is coupled with
turbine shaft to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 Turbine :
A Turbine is a device that harness the kinetic energy of some fluid such as water, steam, air, combustion
gases and turns into the rotational motion of the device itself.
KAPLAN TURBINE

Butterfly valve
The purpose of a butterfly valve is to regulate or isolate the flow of different type of fluid, gas or solid material and they
have applications across several industries.
 Penstock:
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers
water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is inherited from the earlier technology of mill
ponds and watermills.

Governor:
A speed limited or controller device used to measure and regulate the speed of the machine such as engine.
Centrifugal governor is used to control the speed of the turbines shaft.
 TRANSMISSION UNIT
Major Components of Transmission Unit

Transformer:
A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating current circuit to one or more other
circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage. It works on the principle of
magnetic induction.

Instrument Transformer:
Instruments transformer are of two types

 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer
Current Transformer

Current transformer is used to step down the current of

power system to a lower level to make it feasible to be
measured by small rating Ammeter (i.e. 5A ammeter).

Potential Transformer

Potential transformer is used to step down the voltage of

power system to a lower level to make is feasible to be
measured by small rating voltmeter i.e. 110 – 120 V
voltmeter.
 Transmission Line:
Transmission lines carry electric energy from one point to another in an electric power system. They can carry
alternating current or direct current or a system can be a combination of both.

Earthing:
Earthing is used to protect you from an electric shock. It does this by providing a path (a protective conductor)
for a fault current to flow to earth.
  Advantages of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• Water is used for this plant, so fuel cost is zero.
• It is neat and clean.
• Running charges are very small as water is frelly available.
• Low maintenance cost.
• Construction is simple.
• It has a longer life time.
• It doesn‘t need longer starting time. It starts instantly.
• It is the cheapest energy source.
• Water brings with it enormous energy.
• Secondary water flows are suitable for smaller plants.
  Disadvantages of Hydro-Electric Power Plant
• High capital cost.
• At the time of installation highly skilled worker is required.
• Require huge amount of water all the time.
• Transmission cost is high.
• Can only be used in mountainous areas.
• A large amount of land needs to be flooded.
• Expensive to build.
• It is expensive.
• There are limited reservoirs.
• It is not always safe.
  Applications of Hydro-Electric Power Plant

• Generation of electric power.

• Storage of irrigation water.

• To control the floods in the rivers.

• Storage of drinking water supply.

• Small hydro power plant is used for serving a small community or industrial plant.

• Micro hydro power plant is user to provide power to an isolated home.

 CONCLUSION

 We are fortunate enough to do our internship at Tungabhadra power plant. We gained an in sight of the
process of power generation and the roles and responsibilities an Engineer has to perform. The staff were well
equipped and gave us an insight of the plant work. They were patient to clear all our doubts.
 We gained knowledge of working of circuit breakers, relays, isolators, feeders etc., practically which was
really helpful for us to relate with the theory we have studied. We also learned the different types of skills, from
learning to communicate, to reading and deciphering many different types of plans.
 Overall, my internship program experience at Tungabhadra power plant was positive. We are very happy
with the knowledge gained in the 30 days as Student internship. We are happy and proud that we have
completed our Internship program at Tungabhadra power plant.
THANK YOU