Secondary Education

Grade 11
Second Semester
Eng. 202: New Language Leader
Unit 9: Engineering
( Lesson 9.1 ) : From engine to engineer
 By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

- create questions for a text.

- write a short paragraph about the impact of engineering.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Introduction

What are the types of engineering you know?

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Suggested Answer

What are the types of engineering you know?

• 1- Chemical engineering.
• 2- Civil engineering.
• 3- Computer engineering.
• 4- Agricultural engineering.
• 5- Genetic engineering.
• 6- Electronic engineering.
• 7-Biological engineering.
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Read the text carefully, then fill in the blanks with the
Task 1
statements below.

In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about 85% reduction in
the mosquito population in four months.

Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables modifications in

the genetic make up of an organism.

Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the
genome of an organism.

What if this same mosquito is used to prevent the spread of diseases?

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 TEXT

Genetic Engineering
1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------. This ability has been explored and
experimented in several organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas
the practical applications of some are being tested.
The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley
Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium Escherichia coli that contained genes for antibiotic
resistance.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 2

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------. This includes addition of new
gene(s), deletion of gene(s) or even manipulation of the existing genes to introduce or get rid
of specific traits and characteristics. The resultant organisms, containing a genome altered in
such a way, are collectively termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of
manipulation by addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes added from a
different variety of the same species are called CIS genic organisms; whereas those
containing genes from a foreign species are called transgenic organisms. Since the first
successful attempt in 1973, several organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several
interesting genetic engineering examples. One of the significant ones is described next.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Disease - preventing mosquitoes
Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more humans than
3 any other animal as well as killed more humans than even wars and plagues.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of dengue, yellow fever,
and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is that only females can bite and thus
transfer the virus. A single female lays about 500 eggs in her lifetime.
On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have the mouth parts
for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it is exceptionally adept at
finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage of these two properties, scientists at
Oxford University developed a male mosquito that carries a gene which results in the
death of its offspring.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 4

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A production unit at Oxford is being developed to produce such mosquitoes on a larger
scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week.
Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle several challenges
that are not just limited to the medical community. However, this technology has to
cross several hurdles including safety concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer
of genes into the wild, as well as ethical and social issues.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 MODEL ANSWERS

Genetic Engineering
1

Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the
genome of an organism. This ability has been explored and experimented in several
organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas the practical applications
of some are being tested.
The first genetically modified organism was created by Herbert Boyer and Stanley
Cohen in 1973. It was the bacterium Escherichia coli that contained genes for antibiotic
resistance.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 2

Genetic engineering refers to a fast-growing technology that enables modifications in the

genetic make up of an organism. This includes addition of new gene(s), deletion of gene(s)
or even manipulation of the existing genes to introduce or get rid of specific traits and
characteristics. The resultant organisms, containing a genome altered in such a way, are
collectively termed as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In case of manipulation by
addition of genes, the organisms which contain genes added from a different variety of the
same species are called CIS genic organisms; whereas those containing genes from a foreign
species are called transgenic organisms. Since the first successful attempt in 1973, several
organisms were experimented with, giving rise to several interesting genetic engineering
examples. One of the significant ones is described next.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Disease - preventing mosquitoes

3 Mosquito is considered to be the most dangerous insect. It has killed more humans than
any other animal as well as killed more humans than even wars and plagues. What if this
same mosquito is used to prevent the spread of diseases?
Aedes aegypti is the mosquito species responsible for the spread of dengue, yellow fever,
and chikungunya. An interesting fact about them is that only females can bite and thus
transfer the virus. A single female lays about 500 eggs in her lifetime.
On the other hand, the male mosquito cannot bite since it does not have the mouth parts
for biting. The more important fact about this male is that it is exceptionally adept at
finding the female mosquitoes. Taking advantage of these two properties, scientists at
Oxford University developed a male mosquito that carries a gene which results in the
death of its offspring.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 4

In a field experiment in Cayman islands, this technique yielded about 85% reduction
in the mosquito population in four months.
A production unit at Oxford University is being developed to produce such mosquitoes
on a larger scale with plans of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single week.
Genetic engineering has opened up an array of approaches to tackle several challenges
that are not just limited to the medical community. However, this technology has to
cross several hurdles including safety concerns, stability of the resultant GMOs, transfer
of genes into the wild, as well as ethical and social issues.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Task 2: Write questions for these answers.
1 4
The first genetically modified A production unit at Oxford is being developed to
organism was created by produce such mosquitoes on a larger scale with plans
Herbert Boyer and Stanley of producing about 20 million mosquitoes in a single
Cohen in 1973. week.

2 The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are
called CIS genic organisms.
3
The male mosquito can not bite
A---------------------------------------------------------
since it does not have the B---------------------------------------------------------
mouth parts for biting.
C--------------------------------------------------------
D--------------------------------------------------------
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 MODEL ANSWERS / Task 2 : Write questions for these answers.
1 4
The first genetically modified A production unit at Oxford University is being
organism was created by developed to produce such mosquitoes on a larger
Herbert Boyer and Stanley scale with plans of producing about 20 million
Cohen in 1973. mosquitoes in a single week.

2 The organisms that contain genes added from a different variety of the same species are
called CIS genic organisms.
3 A-When was the first genetically modified organism created?
The male mosquito can not bite
B-What is the name of the organisms which contain genes
since it does not have the added from a different variety of the same species?
mouth parts for biting.
C- Why is the male mosquito unable to bite?
D-How many mosquitoes is the production unit expected to
produce per week?
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Assessment What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the
information in the text that you have just read.

20,000,000 ------------------------------------

500 ------------------------------------

85% ------------------------------------

1973 ------------------------------------
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Model Answers What do these numbers refer to? Try to recall the
information in the text that you have just read.

20,000,000 The target number of mosquitoes to be produced every week by a

production unit at Oxford University.

500 The number of eggs a single female lays in her lifetime .

85% The percentage of reduction in the mosquito population in

four months.

1973 The year in which the first genetically modified organism was created
by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973
Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Writing

Write a short paragraph about how has engineering improved people’s lives in one of these sectors,
health, communication, or technology.

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Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 Model Writing

The Impact of Engineering on Communication

Engineering has improved communication in different ways. To start with, the
improvement in telecommunications has resulted in a better quality of life. For instance,
Satellite TV, cell phones, computers and the internet have enabled us to be instantly
informed about what is taking place around the world. Additionally, thanks to engineers
and their amazing inventions, one can easily communicate with their friends,
family members or colleagues at work wherever they are at a very low cost. Last but not
least, engineering has greatly improved the way businesses can communicate with their
customers. It has opened up new horizons for companies to ameliorate their marketing
policies, be close to their clients and up-to-date them of any new products or offers. All
in all, engineering has played a key role in connecting the world and making it a better
place to live.

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering
 This is the end of the lesson.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

Ministry of Education – Second Semester 2020-2021 Eng. 202 – Lesson 9.1: Engineering