Module 5 : Mobility Management

CE-TE-MC
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Engineering,
SIES Graduate School of Technology

Prachi Shahane
IP Micro-Mobility Support
What happens if, e.g., a student changes subnets on a campus frequently?
Involvement of the HA each time
Reveals precise “location”
Micro-mobility support:
• Efficient local handover inside a foreign domain
• without involving a home agent
• Reduces control traffic on backbone
• Especially needed in case of route optimization

Lot of research, not everything in products

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Prachi Shahane
Cellular IP

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Prachi Shahane
Advantage
● Manageability: Cellular IP is mostly self-configuring, and integration of the
CIPGW into a firewall would facilitate administration of mobility-related
functionality. This is, however, not explicitly specified in (Campbell, 2000).
Disadvantages
● Efficiency: Additional network load is induced by forwarding packets on
multiple paths.
● Transparency: Changes to MNs are required.
● Security: Routing tables are changed based on messages sent by mobile
nodes

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Prachi Shahane
Hawaii : Basic Architecture
Handoff-Aware Wireless Access Internet Infrastructure,

goals are performance and reliability improvements and

Advantages
•  Security: Challenge-response extensions are mandatory.
In contrast to Cellular IP, routing changes are always
initiated by the foreign domain’s infrastructure.
•  Transparency: HAWAII is mostly transparent to mobile
nodes
Disadvantages
•  Security: There are no provisions regarding the setup of
IPSec tunnels.
• Implementation: No private address support is possible
because of colocated COA
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Prachi Shahane
Mobile IP and IPV6
Mobile IP was developed for IPv4, but IPv6 simplifies the protocols :
1. security is integrated, not add-on, authentication of registration included
2. COA can be assigned via auto-configuration (DHCPv6 is one candidate)
3.  every node has address autoconfiguration 
4. no need for a separate FA, all routers perform router advertisement
5. MN can signal a sender directly the COA, without HA
6. soft hand-over, i. e. without packet loss supported 
MN sends the new COA to its old router
old router encapsulates all packets for MN, forwards them to new COA
authentication is always granted

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Prachi Shahane
Hierarchical mobile IPV6 : Basic Architecture

Operation:
• Network contains mobility anchor point (MAP)
• mapping of regional COA (RCOA) to link COA
(LCOA)
• Upon handover, MN informs MAP only
gets new LCOA, keeps RCOA
• HA is only contacted if MAP changes

Security provisions:
• no HMIP-specific
• security provisions binding updates should be
authenticated

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Prachi Shahane
Advantages:
• Local COAs can be hidden, which provides at least some location privacy
• Direct routing between CNs sharing the same link is possible (but might be dangerous)
• Handover requires minimum number of overall changes to routing tables

Potential problems:
• Decentralized security-critical functionality (handover processing) in mobility anchor points
MNs can (must!) directly influence routing entries via binding updates (authentication
necessary)
• Not transparent to MNs
• Handover efficiency in wireless mobile scenarios:
All routing reconfiguration messages sent over wireless link

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Prachi Shahane
 CN

PAR NAR

signaling signaling
MN

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FMIPv6: Operations
Handover Initiation
L2 Triggers, RtSolPr, PrRtAdv
Between MN and AR
Tunnel Establishment
HI (Handover Initiate) and HACK
Between PAR and NAR
Packet Forwarding
PAR => NAR (data buffering at NAR)
FBU, FBack
NAR => MN:
FNA (Fast NA)

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FMIPv6: Operational Flows

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DHCP
Main idea: E.g WPI has pool of IP addresses it can “lease” to hosts for short term use, claim back
when done
Application
• simplification of installation and maintenance of networked computers
• supplies systems with all necessary information, such as IP address, DNS server address,
domain name, subnet mask, default router etc.
• enables automatic integration of systems into an Intranet or the Internet, can be used to
acquire a COA for Mobile IP
Client/Server-Model
the client sends via a MAC broadcast a request to the DHCP server (might be via a DHCP
relay)

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Prachi Shahane
Client Initialization via DHCP

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Prachi Shahane
Thank You!
([email protected])

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Prachi Shahane