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The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck between the chin and thyroid cartilage. It provides attachments for muscles of the floor of the mouth, tongue, larynx and pharynx. The hyoid bone consists of a central body and two pairs of cornua that provide attachments for suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles which act to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing.

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Aqsa Aftab
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59 views

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck between the chin and thyroid cartilage. It provides attachments for muscles of the floor of the mouth, tongue, larynx and pharynx. The hyoid bone consists of a central body and two pairs of cornua that provide attachments for suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles which act to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing.

Uploaded by

Aqsa Aftab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The hyoid bone

HYOID BONE
• It is a u shaped bone
• Situated in the anterior midline of the
neck between the chin and the thyroid
caartilage.
• At rest -the 3rd cervical vertebra behind
and the base of the mandible in front.
• It is kept in suspended postion by
muscles and ligaments
• It provides attachment to
• the floor of the mouth and to the
tongue above
• to the larynx below
• epiglottis and the phraynx behind
• It consists of central part called the
body, and two pairs of cornua,greater
and lesser.
The body
• Anterior and posterior surfaces
• Upper and lower borders.
• The anterior surface is convex, divided by a
median ridge into two halves.
• The posterior surface in concave and is directed
backwards and downwards.
• Each lateral end is continous posteriorly with the
greater horn or cornua.
• Till middle life this connection between the body
and greater cornua is fibrous.
The greater cornua
• flatenned from above downwards.
• each cornua tapers posteriorly ,ends in a
tubercle.
• it has two surfaces Upper and lower
• Two borders medial and lateral and a tubercle.
The lesser cornua
• These are small conical pieces of bone which
project upwards from the junction of the body
and greater cornua.
• The lesser cornua are connected to the body of
fibrous tissue .
• Occasionally they are connected to the greater
cornua by synovial joints which usually persist
throughout life but may get ankylosed
Attachments
• Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
• Hypoglossus
• Thyrohyoid membrane
• Anterior surface provides insertion to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles
• Gives origin to a part of the hypoglossus which extends to greater cornua

• The upper border of body provides insertion to the lower fibres of the
genioglossi and attachment to the thyrohyoid membrane
• The lower border of the body provides attachment to the pretracheal fascia .in
front of the fascia ,the sternohyoid is inserted medially and the omohyoid
laterally
• Below the omohyoid there is the linear attachment of the thyrohyoid,extedning
back to the lower border of the greater cornua.

• The medial border of the greater cornua provides attachment to they


thyrohyoid membrane ,stylohyoid muscle and diagetric pulley
• The lateral border of the greater cornua provides insertion to the thyrohyoid
muscle anteriorly.the investing fascia is attached throughout length.
I. Infrahyoid Muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve


Supply
Omohyoid Inferior belly: Inferior belly: Depresses the Ansa
Superior Intermediate hyoid bone cervicalis
border of the tendon and larynx (APR of C1,
scapula Superior C2, C3)
Superior belly:
belly: Lower border
Intermediate of the body of
tendon the hyoid
bone
Sternohyoid Manubrium of Lower border Depresses the Ansa
the sternum, of the body of hyoid bone cervicalis
posterior the hyoid and larynx (APR of C1, 16
aspect bone C2, C3)
Infrahyoid Muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve


Supply
Sternothyroid Manubrium of Oblique line Depresses the Ansa
the sternum, of thyroid larynx cervicalis
posterior cartilage (APR of C1,
aspect C2, C3)

Thyrohyoid Oblique line Body and Depresses the Thyrohyoid


of thyroid greater horn hyoid bone branch of the
cartilage of hyoid hypoglossal
bone, lower nerve
border

17
II. Suprahyoid Muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Supply
Stylohyoid Styloid Greater Elevates Facial nerve
process horn of hyoid bone
hyoid bone

Digastric Digastric Intermediate Raises the Facial nerve


(Posterior notch of the tendon hyoid bone
belly) temporal
bone at the
base of the
skull
Digastric Intermediate Digastric Elevates the Nerve to the
(anterior tendon fossa of the hyoid bone mylohyoid 18
belly) mandible muscle
Suprahyoid Muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Supply

Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line Median raphe Elevates the Nerve to


on the medial and body of hyoid bone, mylohyoid
aspect of hyoid base of the muscle
mandibular tongue, and
body floor of the
mouth

Geniohyoid Inferior Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid APR of C1


muscle border genial bone bone,
tubercle of protracts
the mandible hyoid bone
19
Clinical anatomy
• In a suspected case of
murder,fracture of the hyoid bone
strongly indicates throtting and
strangulation .

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