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Momentum and Impulse

This document discusses momentum, impulse, and their applications. It defines momentum as a vector quantity that describes the motion of mass and depends on an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in an object's momentum due to a force applied over time. Applying a force over a longer period of time through follow through decreases the magnitude of force needed to change an object's momentum. This is important for safety applications like airbags, which increase the time over which a force stops an occupant's motion to reduce injury.

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84 views21 pages

Momentum and Impulse

This document discusses momentum, impulse, and their applications. It defines momentum as a vector quantity that describes the motion of mass and depends on an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in an object's momentum due to a force applied over time. Applying a force over a longer period of time through follow through decreases the magnitude of force needed to change an object's momentum. This is important for safety applications like airbags, which increase the time over which a force stops an occupant's motion to reduce injury.

Uploaded by

황동현
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Momentum and Impulse

• Momentum
• Inertia
• Impulse
• Newton’s
Second Law
• Importance of
follow through
• Applications
Momentum
• A team is said to have Momentum if they
are “on a roll,” or “hard to stop.”
Momentum
• In Physics, momentum is a vector quantity that
describes the motion of mass.
• Any moving body has momentum
Momentum
• An object’s momentum depends on its mass
and how fast it is moving.

A truck traveling 5 km/h has more momentum than a Smart car


at the same speed because it is harder to stop.
Momentum and Inertia
• Inertia is a tendency for an object to keep doing what it’s
doing.
• The “momentum” of an object is the quantification of its
Inertia or how difficult it is to stop its inertial movement.
Linear Momentum
• The linear momentum of any object can be
calculated by:

 
p  mv
• Where m is the mass in kg
• v is the velocity in m/s
• What are the units of momentum?
Momentum
• Momentum is a vector quantity – so
direction IS important!
Check Your Understanding
Determine the momentum of a
Pacific leatherback turtle of
mass 8.6 x 102 kg, swimming at
a velocity of 1.3 m/s [forward]

Answer: 1.1 x 103 kgm/s [fwd]


Check Your Understanding
A car possesses momentum. How would the
momentum change if ...

a) its velocity was doubled.


b) its mass was doubled.
c) its velocity was tripled and its mass was cut in
half.
Impulse
Will it break?
From Newton’s Second Law
 
F  ma
 
  v f  vi 
F net  m  

 t   

 
F net t  m v f  v i  F n et t  p
  
F n et t  m v f  m v i
  
F n et t  p f  p i
 
F n et t  p
• Impulse is a force acting for a given amount of time
to change an object's momentum.
• Its direction is the same as the change in momentum
Impulse
 
F n et t  p
• Impulse = FnetΔt
• Is equal to an object’s change in momentum
• If you increase Δt, Fnet will decrease
– If you are trying to catch a ball and you move your
hands back with the ball as it approaches, you will
increase the time needed to stop the momentum
and thus, decrease the F required  hurts less!
Check Your Understanding
You are driving in a car which has a mass of 1.0 x 10 3 kg and is traveling at
30.0 km/h. You lose control and it smashes into a concrete wall
essentially stopping the momentum of your car in 0.10 s.
a) What is the momentum of your car at impact?
b) What Force is required to stop the car?
c) If you hit a padded wall instead which brings the car to a stop in 0.50 s,
what Force will be required?
d) What is the purpose of airbags with respect to momentum and
impulse?

Answer: a) 8.3 x 104 kgm/s b) F = 8.3 x 104 N c) F = 1.7 x 104 N


d) They increase the time required to stop the momentum (motion) of your head thus
decreasing the force needed to do so.
The importance of “follow through”
“Riding the Punch”

Riding the punch increases the time of collision and


reduces the force of collision.
What is their function?
Air Bags
Check Your Understanding
A baseball of mass 0.152 kg, travelling horizontally at 37.5 m/s [E],
collides with a baseball bat. The collision lasts for 1.15 ms.
Immediately after the collision, the baseball travels horizontally at
49.5 m/s [W].
a) Determine the momentum of the baseball just prior to being hit.
b) What is the average force applied by the bat to the baseball?

Answer: a) p = 5.70 kgm/s [E] b) F = 1.15 x 104 N [W]


Check Your Understanding
A 57 g tennis ball is thrown upward and then struck just as it comes to
rest at the top of its motion. The racket exerts an average horizontal
force of magnitude 4.2 x 102 N on the tennis ball.
a) Determine the speed of the ball after the collision if the average
force is exerted on the ball for 4.5 ms.
b) Repeat the calculation assuming a time interval of 5.3 ms.
c) Explain the meaning and advantage of follow-through in this
example.

Answer: a) Vf = 33 m/s b) Vf = 39 m/s


The follow through increase the time the force is in contact with the
object and therefore increases the momentum. Since the mass is
fixed, the velocity increases.

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