Scribd
Upload
66 views

Trends in Distributed Systems: Module 1 - Lecture 2

1. Distributed systems are undergoing changes due to trends like pervasive networking, ubiquitous computing, increasing demand for multimedia services, and viewing distributed computing as a utility. 2. Mobile and portable devices are enabling ubiquitous computing, allowing users access services anywhere through wireless technologies. 3. Demand for multimedia like audio and video streaming over the internet is driving the need for distributed systems to support different media formats and quality of service. 4. Cloud computing is enabling computing to be accessed as a utility, with services and resources made available over the internet through large data centers and clusters.

Uploaded by

Sanjay Kumar K 19MID0073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views

Trends in Distributed Systems: Module 1 - Lecture 2

1. Distributed systems are undergoing changes due to trends like pervasive networking, ubiquitous computing, increasing demand for multimedia services, and viewing distributed computing as a utility. 2. Mobile and portable devices are enabling ubiquitous computing, allowing users access services anywhere through wireless technologies. 3. Demand for multimedia like audio and video streaming over the internet is driving the need for distributed systems to support different media formats and quality of service. 4. Cloud computing is enabling computing to be accessed as a utility, with services and resources made available over the internet through large data centers and clusters.

Uploaded by

Sanjay Kumar K 19MID0073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Trends in Distributed

Systems

Module 1 – Lecture 2
Content
• Trends in Distributed systems
• Focus on Resource sharing
Influential Trends
Distributed systems are undergoing a period of significant change and
this can be traced back to a number of influential trends:
• the emergence of pervasive networking technology;
• the emergence of ubiquitous computing coupled with the desire to
support user mobility in distributed systems;
• the increasing demand for multimedia services;
• the view of distributed systems as a utility.
Pervasive Networking and Modern Internet
• The modern Internet is a vast interconnected collection of computer
networks of many different types, with the range of types increasing all
the time.
• For example, a wide range of wireless communication technologies such
as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth and third generation mobile phone
networks.
• The design and construction of the Internet communication
mechanisms (the Internet protocols) is a major technical achievement,
enabling a program running anywhere to address messages to programs
anywhere else and abstracting over the myriad of technologies
1. Internet - Large distributed system
• The Internet is also a very large distributed system.
• It enables users, wherever they are, to make use of services such as
the World Wide Web, email and file transfer
• The figure shows a collection of intranets – subnetworks operated by
companies and other organizations and typically protected by
firewalls.
• The role of a firewall is to protect an intranet by preventing
unauthorized messages from leaving or entering.
• Filter – Source and destination
• ISP – Provides companies for broadband link
• Backbone – network with high transmission capacity , satellite
connection, fiber optic cable and high-band circuits.
Mobile and ubiquitous computing
Technological advances in device miniaturization and wireless
networking have led increasingly to the integration of small and
portable computing devices into distributed systems.
These devices include:
I. Laptop computers.
II. Handheld devices, including mobile phones, smart phones, GPS-enabled
devices, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), video cameras and
digital cameras.
III. Wearable devices, such as smart watches with functionality similar to a
PDA.
IV. Devices embedded in appliances such as washing machines, hi-fi systems,
cars and refrigerators.
2. Portable and handheld devices - Home and Host Intranet
• Ubiquitous computing is the harnessing of many small, cheap
computational devices that are present in users’ physical
environments, including the home, office and even natural settings.
• The term ‘ubiquitous’ is intended to suggest that small computing
devices will eventually become so pervasive in everyday objects.
• Universal Remote control – Washing machine, Electronic devices.
User have access to three form of wireless connection

1. Laptop – Host wireless LAN ( Connection with in a building). It


connects to the rest of the host intranet via a gateway or access
point.
2. Cellular phone (Mobile phone ) – Internet (Built-in GPS
functionality)
3. Digital camera – Personal area wireless networks (range up to 10m
connect with printer)

The scenario demonstrates the purpose of Service discovery and


Spontaneous interoperation
3. Distributed Multimedia systems
• Multimedia support can usefully be defined as the ability to support a
range of media types in an integrated manner.
• A distributed multimedia system should be able to perform the same
functions for continuous media types such as audio and video;
• able to store and locate audio or video files, to transmit them across
the network
• Webcasting – Application of DS technology
Webcasting is the ability to broadcast continuous media, typically
audio or video, over the Internet
Webcasting Infrastucture
• providing support for an (extensible) range of encoding and encryption formats,
such as the MPEG series of standards (including for example the popular MP3
standard otherwise known as MPEG-1, Audio Layer 3) and HDTV;
• providing a range of mechanisms to ensure that the desired quality of service
can
be met;
• providing associated resource management strategies, including appropriate
scheduling policies to support the desired quality of service;
• providing adaptation strategies to deal with the inevitable situation in open
systems where quality of service cannot be met or sustained.
4. Distributed computing as a utility – Cloud
Computing
• Physical resources such as storage and processing can be made
available to networked computers, removing the need to own such
resources on their own.
• Operating system virtualization is a key enabling technology for this
approach, implying that users may actually be provided with services
by a virtual rather than a physical node.
• Many companies now offer a comprehensive range of services for
effective rental, including services such as email and distributed
calendars. Google, for example, bundles a range of business services
under the banner Google Apps
Cloud computing
• The term cloud computing is used to capture this vision of computing
as a utility.
• A cloud is defined as a set of Internet-based application, storage and
computing services sufficient to support most users’ needs.
• A cluster computer is a set of interconnected computers that
cooperate closely to provide a single, integrated high performance
computing capability.
Cloud computing
• The overall goal of cluster computers is to provide a range of cloud
services, including high-performance computing capabilities, mass
storage
• Richer application services such as web search (Google, for example
relies on a massive cluster computer architecture to implement its
search engine and other services)
Focus on resource sharing
• For example, users are concerned with sharing data in the form of a
shared database or a set of web pages – not the disks and processors
on which they are implemented.
• CSCW – Computer-supported cooperative working a group of users
who cooperate directly share resources such as documents in a small,
closed group.
• The pattern of sharing and the geographic distribution of particular
users determines what mechanisms the system must supply to
coordinate users’ actions
• Client-server architecture

You might also like