Scribd
Upload
188 views22 pages

Polarity Of: Molecules

Here are the steps for the experiment: 1. Label 4 glasses of water with the marker as: water, salt, sugar, oil. 2. Add 1 tbsp of salt to the "salt" glass and stir until dissolved. 3. Add 1 tbsp of sugar to the "sugar" glass and stir until dissolved. 4. Add 1 tbsp of oil to the "oil" glass and stir. Notice it does not dissolve. 5. Observe which substances dissolved in water based on their polarity. The purpose is to demonstrate how polarity affects solubility of substances. Polar substances like salt and sugar dissolve in polar water, but nonpolar oil separates out.

Uploaded by

Ching Chong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
188 views22 pages

Polarity Of: Molecules

Here are the steps for the experiment: 1. Label 4 glasses of water with the marker as: water, salt, sugar, oil. 2. Add 1 tbsp of salt to the "salt" glass and stir until dissolved. 3. Add 1 tbsp of sugar to the "sugar" glass and stir until dissolved. 4. Add 1 tbsp of oil to the "oil" glass and stir. Notice it does not dissolve. 5. Observe which substances dissolved in water based on their polarity. The purpose is to demonstrate how polarity affects solubility of substances. Polar substances like salt and sugar dissolve in polar water, but nonpolar oil separates out.

Uploaded by

Ching Chong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Physical Science- Module 2

Polarity of
Molecules
Objectives

At the end of this lesson, I should be able to:


• 1. Determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure;
• 2. Give the scientific definition of polarity;
• 3. Identify a molecule’s polarity;
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS:
• Polarity: refers to the overall charge of a molecule
• Molecule: a particle made up of two or more atoms bonded together by chemical
forces.
• Cation (Positive charge ion): The loss of one or more electrons from a neutral
atom
• Anion (Negative charge ion): refers to an atom or a molecule with an excess,
unpaired electron
• Electronegativity (EN): the tendency of an atom to attract toward itself an
electron or electrons in a chemical bond.
• Chemical bonds: the attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements and
compounds.
What is the game being shown in the pictures? Have you
tried playing this game with your friends or classmates? Can
you describe each team? Who is the team going to win?

A B
Molecular
Polarity
• The two bonding atoms with
different electronegativity values
will result to have a bond polarity.
• When molecules become more
complex will result to have a
molecular polarity.
• The molecular polarity refers to
the total of the bond polarity of
bonded molecules. In this case,
first we must have to determine if
a molecule is a polar or non-polar.
Non-Polar
• A non-polar molecule is
symmetric.
• If a molecule is symmetric
meaning all electrons are
equally shared or bonded.
• For instance, methane has a
chemical formula of (CH4). It is
a tetrahedral molecule and an
example of non-polar bond.
Polar Molecule
• The polar molecule is asymmetric, meaning the distribution of
electrons in a covalent bond is not equal.
• It also contains lone pairs of electrons on the central atom or
atom is bonded with different electronegativity values.
• Polarity is a result of uneven distribution of charges of atoms in
a molecule. Covalent bond produces partial charges either partial
positive ( +) and partial negative ( -) among atoms is called polar
covalent bond. An arrow ( ) indicates direction of shared electrons
are pulled.
For example, ammonia (NH3) is a polar bond and has a molecular
shape of trigonal
• pyramidal.
• The diatomic molecules such as Br2, O2, N2 and H2 are
all non-polar. No atoms are more electronegative than the
other, the bonding electrons are evenly distributed.
• The polar bond and non-polar bond can also be
determined through electronegativity difference between
molecules. The electronegativity difference can be
calculated by getting the electronegativity value of the
given molecules in the periodic table of elements.
Activity 1
• Determine the type of bond exists between the paired elements. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your solution and answer.
1. N (3.0) and H (2.1)
2. H (2.1) and H (2.1)
3. Ca (1.0) and Cl (3.0)
4. C (2.5) and S (2.5)
5. Mg (1.2) and O (3.5)
Properties of Molecules
According to their Polarity

Lesson 2.2
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, I should
be able to:
• 1. Relate the polarity of a
molecule to its properties;
• 2. Identify the properties of a
molecule.
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Properties: this refers to the behaviour of an entity or an object.

Solubility: this is a physical property that refers to the ability of a


molecule to dissolve in a solvent.
Melting point: this is a property that refers to the temperature
when a molecule starts to melt.
Boiling point: this is a property that refers to the temperature
when a molecule starts to boil.
• Molecules do not have the same properties which contributes to the
wonderful diversity of things around us and the different ways such
things react with the world. One of the major factors that determines
what properties molecules have is their polarity.
• The first property we will discuss is the solubility. This is the ability of a
molecule to be dissolved in a solvent.
• Another property is the melting point—temperature when a molecule
starts to melt or transition into a liquid state.
• The next property is the boiling point—temperature when a molecule
starts to boil or transition into a gaseous state.
The following examples will cover examples of the
correlation of polarity and the mentioned properties:

• SOLUBILITY
• The general law for solubility among molecules is that polar molecules can
be dissolved in polar solvents (polar to polar) and nonpolar molecules can
be dissolved in nonpolar solvents (nonpolar to nonpolar).
• An example to this is salt (NaCl) which is polar. Have you noticed that it can
easily be dissolved in water (H2O). This is because water is polar, too.
• As opposed to salt, oil (containing Carbon and Hydrogen only) is nonpolar.
Have you seen what happens when oil and water are mixed? They separate.
This is because water is polar. Oil, being nonpolar, can only be dissolved in a
nonpolar solvent
The following examples will cover examples of the
correlation of polarity and the mentioned properties:

MELTING AND BOILING POINT


• Polar molecules usually have Hydrogen bonds.
• Hydrogen bond is a big thing in bonding because this means a
stronger attraction. Therefore, polar molecules have a stronger
attraction as opposed to nonpolar molecules.
• What does this mean for both the melting point and boiling point? The
stronger the attraction, the higher both the melting and boiling point
given that they are of the same sizes
Experiment no. 1
• Materials to bring:
1 Tablespoon of oil 1 bottle of nail polish
1 Tablespoon of salt 1 clean spoon for stirring
Tablespoon of sugar permanent marker
4 glasses of clear water 1 whole sheet of paper
Experiment no. 1
• Materials to bring:
1 Tablespoon of oil 1 bottle of nail polish
1 Tablespoon of salt 1 clean spoon for stirring
Tablespoon of sugar permanent marker
4 glasses of clear water 1 whole sheet of paper

You might also like