READING AND WRITING

GAME MECHANICS

Each person has only 30 seconds to guess the

word out of the 4 pictures presented.

Every correct answer corresponds 5 points. Don't forget to have fun!

Deduction of 5 points in each incorrect answer.

NEAPTTR
PATTERN
HARAPARPG
PARAGRAPH
OTMELVENDEP
DEVELOPMENT
1. What are the different patterns of paragraph development?
 2. What are those kind of words that will help you identify the pattern of

development? Why?
3. Why is it essential to understand the meaning of the text?
4. Upon understanding and learning the patterns of paragraph development how

can you apply this lesson to your future career?

In a long size bond paper, construct a paragraph of
at least 200 sentences using any pattern of
paragraph development. Your answer will be rated
based on the rubric.
 Task

Browse its information through the internet about the Properties of a Well-

written Text.
“”In writing there is art and

in art there is craft."

 PROPERTIES OF A
WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
 Organization
Coherence and Cohesion,
Unity
Language Use
Mechanics
PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
 ORGANIZATION
also known as arrangement, is achieved
when ideas are logically and accurately
arranged with focus on the arrangement of
ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a
definite order in a paragraph, essay, or
speech.
 COHERENCE
refers to the overall sense of unity in a
passage, including both the main point of
sentences and the main point of each
paragraph.
I love to read books. The sky is blue today. My
favorite color is green. Reading is a great way to
relax. The ocean is beautiful. I want to go on a
vacation.
Reading books is one of my favorite pastimes because it allows me to
relax and escape into another world. I especially enjoy reading near
the ocean, where I can take in the beautiful blue sky and the soothing
sound of the waves. Although my favorite color is green, I find the
ocean's blue hues to be particularly stunning. In fact, I'm currently
daydreaming about going on a vacation to a tropical beach where I can
read to my heart's content while soaking up the sun and enjoying the
beauty of nature.
 COHESION
is also a very important aspect of academic writing
because it immediately affects the tone of your
writing. Cohesive writing does not mean just
“grammatically correct” sentences; cohesive writing
refers to the connection of your ideas both at the
sentence level and at the paragraph level.
I went to the store to buy some groceries. The
weather was really hot. I bumped into my friend
from college. She told me she got a new job. I was
really happy for her. Then, I realized I left my wallet
at home. I had to borrow money from my friend to
pay for my groceries.
I went to the store to buy some groceries, but I realized I
had left my wallet at home. Fortunately, I bumped into
my friend from college, who told me she got a new job.
After congratulating her, I explained my situation and she
kindly loaned me some money to pay for my groceries.
The weather was really hot, so I was grateful to be able to
leave the store quickly and head back home.
Techniques to improve paragraph cohesion:
Transitions Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb
to link sentences with particular logical relationships.
To Specify Sequence
again, also, and, and then, besides, finally, first . . .
second . . . third, furthermore, last, moreover, next,
still, too
To Specify Time
after a few days, after a while, afterward, as long as,
as soon as, at last, at that time, before, earlier,
immediately, in the meantime, in the past, lately,
later, meanwhile, now, presently, simultaneously,
since, so far, soon, then, thereafter, until, when
To Specify Comparison
again, also, in the same way, likewise, once more,
similarly
To Specify Contrast
although, but, despite, even though, however, in
contrast, in spite of, instead, nevertheless,
nonetheless, on the contrary, on the one hand . . . on
the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet
To Specify Time
after a few days, after a while, afterward, as long as,
as soon as, at last, at that time, before, earlier,
immediately, in the meantime, in the past, lately,
later, meanwhile, now, presently, simultaneously,
since, so far, soon, then, thereafter, until, when
To Specify Examples
after all, for example, for instance, indeed, in fact, of
course, specifically, such as, the following example, to
illustrate
To Specify Cause and Effect
accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for
this reason, hence, if . . . then, since, so, then,
therefore, thereupon, thus, to this end
To Specify Place
above, adjacent to, below, beyond, closer to elsewhere, far,
farther on, here, near, nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to
the right
To Specify Concession
although it is true that, granted that, I admit that, it may appear
that, naturally, of course To Specify Place above, adjacent to,
below, beyond, closer to elsewhere, far, farther on, here, near,
nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to the right
To Specify Concession
-although it is true that, granted that, I admit that, it
may appear that, naturally, of course
To Specify Summary, Repetition, or Conclusion
-as a result, as has been noted, as I have said, as
mentioned earlier, as we have seen, in any event, in
conclusion, in other words, in short, on the whole,
therefore, to summarize
Synonymy
If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word
you wish to repeat. This strategy is called 'elegant variation.
Antonymy
Using the 'opposite' word, an antonym, can also create
sentence cohesion, since in language antonyms actually
share more elements of meaning than you might imagine
Pro-forms
Use a pronoun, pro-verb, or another pro-form to make explicit
reference back to a form mentioned earlier.
Ex. I offered him some tea and biscuits with a bit of cake but he
didn't want any
Verb phrases (with or without their object phrases) as in:
    She asked John to cook (dinner) that evening and he said he
would do so.
Adverbials as in:
    I put it in the corner and left it there
    She drove quickly and got there on time that way
Collocation
Use a commonly paired or expected or highly probable word
to connect one sentence to another.
Enumeration
Use overt markers of sequence to highlight the connection
between ideas. This system has many advantages: (a) it can
link ideas that are otherwise completely unconnected, (b) it
looks formal and distinctive, and (c) it promotes a second
method of sentence cohesion.
Parallelism
Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest,
most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of
creating cohesion.
Ex.
I will meet you either at the movie or see you later at the
party.
Correct:
I will meet you either at the movie or at the party.
Parallelism
Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest,
most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of
creating cohesion.
Ex.
I will meet you either at the movie or see you later at the
party.
Correct:
I will meet you either at the movie or at the party.
UNITY is achieved when a composition is focused on one
idea. In a unified text, all supporting ideas are relevant to
the main thought. Without unity, text will be confusing.
Use appropriate connectors to join the sentences.
1. I prefer folk music. My girlfriend adores heavy metal.
2. He’s received three threatening letters. He is continuing
to investigate the case.
3. The referee blew his whistle to start the game. It began
to pour with rain.
4. Her boyfriend is very good-looking. He’s a damn good
cook.
5. She was absolutely exhausted. She’s just finished her
final exams.
LANGUAGE USE
is one of the clearest indicators of a well written text. It
enables writers to effectively communicate ideas without
confusing the reader.
1. Informal/ Personal
2. Standard/Academic
3. Business/Technical
Principles in Language Use/ Diction
1. Use clear and concise sentences, usually about 18 words
long.
2. Avoid redundancies, cliches wordiness, and highfalutin
3. Although may be used, avoid overusing “There” and “It”,
drop it
4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate. Condensed.
5. Be consistent in pronoun POV
6. Avoid sexist language.
7. Use appropriate level of formality.
Sample Cliches
Time will tell, in a jiffy, brave as a lion, opposites attract, all is
well that ends well, once upon a time, time and time again

Sample highfalutin
Hackslaver - to hesitate or stammer in speech
Hedley-medley - a confused jumble
Heimate - to spend the winter somewhere