Group 1

Combined Cycle Power Plant

 INTRODUCTION

Electricity is a highly versatile and convenient form of energy that is closely intertwined

with modern civilization and our daily lives. As a result, its demand has been growing rapidly,

keeping pace with other sources of energy. The power industry has also experienced substantial

growth and development in recent decades. Additionally, electricity plays a critical role in both

industrial and agricultural sectors, and the amount of power consumption in a country is often

indicative of its productivity and economic growth.

WHY COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT?

The combined cycle power plant…

● shows greater efficiency lower CO2 emissions where it produces up to 50% more

electricity from the same fuel than a standard simple-cycle plant.

● will offer a cheap and renewable energy source

RATIONALE OF THE DESIGN

The proposed 300 MW combined cycle power plant will be established at Brgy. Pagkilatan,

Batangas City. There are several considerations taken into account including the load demand,

location and load projection. The location of the power plant is chosen by taking into account a

number of variables or selection parameters, including the availability of water sources, the

location's topography, the fuel source's availability, the distance from the load center, the cost of

the land, transportation options, the type of land/ type of the soil in the area, safety and

environmental constraints, community considerations, and environmental disturbances.

RATIONALE OF THE DESIGN

According to the Department of Energy report in 2022, Luzon may face several yellow

and red alerts by 2023 as the Ilijan gas-fired power plant will not be able to deliver in time for

summer. Yellow alerts, for instance, could appear between February and June and from October

to early December of the following year.

DOE Electric Power Industry Management Bureau director Irma Exconde stated that there

would be an occurrence of 17 yellow alerts and three red alerts in 2023 (Mercurio, R., 2022).

Therefore, the development of new power plants is required because of the rising electricity

demand
CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION UNDER BATELEC II

Electricity Consumption by Sector 2021

CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Gross Power Generation by Plant Type in GWh

CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Installed Capacity by Plant Type in MW

CURRENT ENERGY SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

Dependable Capacity by Plant Type in MW

Energy Sales Breakdown 

Energy sales breakdown refers to how energy sales are distributed among different sectors;

residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation. The breakdown shows the amount

of energy used by each sector and can be expressed in different ways, such as volume or

revenue. Energy sales breakdown is used in the energy industry to analyze energy

consumption patterns, identify trends, and make informed decisions about energy policy

and planning. Below shows the graph of energy sales breakdown for the past years.
PARAMETERS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANT
LOCATION
Plant Location: Brgy. Pagkilatan, Batangas City Approximately 16 Hectares Area of Coverage

Proximity from Substation: 5 km to the nearest transmission line located at Ilijan Batangas

10 km to the nearest Luzon Grid Substation

Proximity from Pipeline: 9km

Proximity from LNG Plant: 3.4 km to the Ilijan LNG plant via accessible road
TARGET LOCATION
PARAMETERS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANT
LOCATION
PARAMETERS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANT
LOCATION
Plant Location: Brgy. Pagkilatan, Batangas City Approximately 16 Hectares Area of Coverage

Proximity from Substation: 5 km to the nearest transmission line located at Ilijan Batangas

10 km to the nearest Luzon Grid Substation

Proximity from Pipeline: 9km

Proximity from LNG Plant: 3.4 km to the Ilijan LNG plant via accessible road

Source of Water: Location is near Batangas Bay

Zoning: Semi-Industrial considering that some part of the location is listed as Agricultural
Zoning
PARAMETERS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PLANT
LOCATION

Plant Location: Brgy. Pagkilatan, Batangas City Approximately 16 Hectares Area of Coverage

Population around the area of the location: There is a community near the area with 1603

residents as of the 2020 census.

Land Cost: Approximately Php 5,950.00 per sq. meters

Accessibility: The accessibility via sea and land transportation is easy because the location is

near Batangas Bay and there is near National Road.

LOAD DEMAND
LOAD DEMAND
LOAD DEMAND
LOAD DEMAND
LOAD DEMAND
LOAD PROJECTION
Determining the load forecast is essential in designing a power plant since it
plays a vital role in determining various parameters such as plant capacity,
infrastructure development, etc.
HOW WE COME UP WITH THE PLANT CAPACITY

According to the Batelec II data in 2033, based on the

projected load demand, the projected average load demand
will be approximately 201.7854 MW, but it is only based from
the contracted demand. However, there are uncontracted
demand which need additional 60-90 MW of power. Thus, in
order to supply the demand, 300 MW plant capacity will be
needed.
CAPITALIZATION

The capitalization will include the long-term investment in building and running a power

plant, excluding loans. The funding needed to build the 300 MW Combined Cycle Gas Power

Plant at Brgy. In Pagkilatan, Batangas City, the public and private sectors typically coexist. It is

anticipated that of the building fund, 60% will come from the private sector, 20% from

investors, 10% from bank loans, and the 10% from the governmental sector.
OWNERSHIP

An Energy Corporation that explores and produce crude oil and natural gas will

assume the responsibility of financing, designing, constructing, and operating the plant for

15 years before transferring ownership to the government.

BOT model provides a way for governments to develop infrastructure projects while

minimizing their financial risks. It also allows private companies to earn a profit from the

project, which can incentivize them to complete the project on time and within budget.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 Proposed 400
MW Combined
Gas-Steam
Cycle Power
Plant
By:

Balita, Rizza Mae D.

Barrion, Cliford John B.
Biscocho, R-die O.
Canarias, Mary Rose M.
Cantos, King Joshua R.
ME 4215
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Introduction

Technology Population

Power Demand
Introduction

Proposed 400 MW Combined Gas-Steam

Cycle Power Plant
Rationale
 Since the Malampaya gas field was found, the Philippines has been building more and more power

plants that run on natural gas. Natural gas is the least expensive and cleanest-burning fossil fuel. But the

International Trade Administration (2020) says that the Philippines is close to having an energy crisis

because the Malampaya gas fields, which provide 30% of Luzon's energy needs, are expected to run out of

gas by 2024. Due to this, an alternative method of generating power is required.

 This project also focuses on the design of a combined gas-steam cycle power plant that will use

liquefied natural gas (LNG) to increase the capacity of the Luzon Grid's generating power as demand for

electricity grows over time. The planned power plant would use the CCPP with liquified natural gas as a fuel

source, which is accessible at FPIP, which is 27, 28, and 31 minutes away from Halang, Calamba, and

Laguna, respectively. The plan is for a base-load power plant that will be able to make enough energy for at

least the next 10 years.

Target Location
Target Location

Barangay Halang, Calamba, Laguna

Target Location

Area of the Proposed

Location
Factors Considered in Choosing the target location

Marketing Area
● Has enough space
● Demand for electricity is seen
● Far from polluted areas
● Close to primary market

Transportation Facilities
● Located close to the provincial road
● Transportation rout and alternatives are available
● Easy to access for delivery required commodities and supply

Availability of Labors
Labor Force October 2022

Labor Force Participation Rate 64.5

Employment Rate 94.3

Unemployment Rate 5.7

Underemployment Rate 15.8

Factors Considered in Choosing the target location

Water Supply

Location’s distance to the body of water

Factors Considered in Choosing the target location

Energy Availability
Provider Location Distance to Power Plant
First Philippine Industrial FPIP Main Road, Sto. Tomas, Batangas 27 km
Park
FGEN LNG Corporation Barangay Sta. Clara, Sta Rita Aplya, and 61 km
Bolbok in Batangas City
Energy World Gas Barangay Ibabang Polo, Pagbilao Grande 111 km
Operations Philippines Inc. Island, Quezon Province
Batangas Clean Energy, Barangay Pinamucan-Ibaba, Batangas City 71 km
Inc.
Atlantic Gulf & Pacific Barangay Ilijan and Dela Paz, Batangas City 85 km
Company of Manila, Inc.
(AG&P)
Shell Energy Philippines Tabangao, Batangas City 64 km
Inc.
Vires Energy Corporation Barangay Simlong, Batangas City 73 km
Factors Considered in Choosing the target location

Climate

Proposed Plant Location Brgy. Halang, Calamba, Laguna

Classification Tropical Monsoon Climate

Temperature 26°C - 28°C

Wind 7 km/h

Table 5. Climate Conditions of the Proposed Location

Load Survey
MERALCO’s Consumer Count and Energy Sales of the Laguna Sector of Year 2022
Type of Consumers Number of Consumers Energy Sale (MWh)

Residential 688,414 1,456,215

Industrial 1,020 3,603,159

Commercial 54,798 868,214

Total 744,235 5,927,587

Source: Meralco
Load Demand of the Target Customers
Load Demand of the Target Customers

Monthly Customer Demand for the Residential Load

Load Demand of the Target Customers

Monthly Customer Demand for the Industrial Load

Load Demand of the Target Customers

Monthly Customer Demand for the Commercial Load

Load Projection
Load Projection
Projected Load Demand of Laguna
Year Peak Load (MW)
2023 871.52
2024 898.85
2025 930.34
2026 961.83
2027 995.91
2028 1025.45
2029 1056.18
2030 1088.48
2031 1119.97
2032 1151.33

Source: Meralco
Load Projection

Required MW = Calculated Peak Load - Current Peak Load

Required MW = 1131.33 MW - 835.85 MW

Required MW = 315.48 MW

Considering a Reserve Capacity of 15% and a System Loss of 5.85%,

Plant Capacity = 315.48 MW * 1.15 * 1.0585

Plant Capacity = 384.03 MW ≈ 400 MW

 Projected Hourly Load Demand of Meralco
Hour

0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00

2019 6105.33 5868.67 5669.33 5481.67 5308.33 3510.67 5047.33 5046.67 5383.33

2020 5996.00 5763.00 5547.00 5347.00 5181.00 5165.00 5166.00 5283.00 5701.00

2021 6457.00 6253.00 6079.00 5874.00 5669.00 5495.00 5385.00 5448.00 5890.00

2022 6537.78 6345.89 6174.78 5959.89 5746.78 6707.89 5537.11 5660.55 6164.78

2023 6872.04 6703.52 6561.37 6339.85 6098.04 7332.18 5733.82 5841.40 6382.37

2024 7016.19 6862.59 6729.86 6499.25 6244.19 8397.92 5897.08 6046.03 6642.86

2025 7312.43 7180.51 7072.83 6835.11 6554.43 9110.51 6087.09 6231.64 6869.03

2026 7495.87 7380.61 7286.39 7040.09 6742.97 10085.01 6257.27 6431.35 7120.65

2027 7753.83 7658.55 7585.45 7331.54 7011.91 10886.47 6440.55 6621.75 7355.45

2028 7963.05 7885.59 7828.58 7566.43 7228.26 11801.12 6615.26 6818.24 7601.26

2029 8208.81 8150.78 8113.64 7843.72 7484.04 12630.92 6796.39 7010.16 7838.82

2030 8424.78 8384.87 8364.52 8086.45 7707.68 13529.89 6972.29 7205.80 8083.10

2031 8663.11 8642.30 8641.05 8355.12 7955.44 14376.94 7152.12 7398.65 8322.33

2032 8886.80 8884.45 8900.80 8606.80 8187.40 15257.98 7329.37 7593.33 8564.87
 Projected Hourly Load Demand of Meralco
Hour

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

2019 5891.33 6310.67 6623.67 6730.33 6640.67 6877.33 6896.00 6794.67

2020 6386.00 6872.00 7173.00 7341.00 7242.00 7543.00 7610.00 7528.00

2021 6584.00 7011.00 7311.00 7452.00 7405.00 7594.00 7642.00 7484.00

2022 6979.78 7431.55 7723.22 7896.11 7860.22 8054.78 8128.67 7958.22

2023 7243.71 7664.40 7952.63 8118.15 8120.63 8242.37 8312.22 8086.96

2024 7606.52 8038.03 8319.14 8506.75 8527.14 8634.86 8723.11 8474.81

2025 7890.23 8299.04 8575.97 8762.09 8816.77 8863.43 8952.13 8655.37

2026 8232.61 8643.57 8914.15 9116.27 9193.09 9213.57 9316.04 8989.67

2027 8536.22 8932.92 9198.59 9405.15 9512.14 9483.39 9590.83 9222.40

2028 8865.19 9258.37 9518.17 9736.74 9868.65 9805.75 9923.91 9521.57

2029 9175.15 9556.75 9811.41 10036.31 10197.07 10088.72 10213.30 9770.93

2030 9500.61 9877.20 10126.13 10361.98 10548.39 10403.80 10538.30 10060.89

2031 9814.44 10181.09 10424.72 10668.07 10882.52 10694.78 10836.57 10320.38

2032 10135.88 10495.81 10733.87 10986.97 11227.91 11001.54 11152.34 10599.82

 Projected Hourly Load Demand of Meralco
Hour

17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00

2019 6588.67 6277.00 6322.67 6319.33 6337.67 6317.00 6187.00

2020 7311.00 6911.00 6862.00 6879.00 6796.00 6697.00 6430.00

2021 7295.00 6774.00 6663.00 6742.00 6758.00 6790.00 6663.00

2022 7771.22 7151.00 6956.22 7069.45 7050.89 7074.33 6902.67

2023 7919.29 7185.33 6921.29 7087.26 7123.18 7231.11 7137.89

2024 8313.48 7476.67 7132.48 7337.30 7360.92 7483.56 7376.44

2025 8510.77 7562.40 7146.77 7401.56 7466.31 7659.47 7612.33

2026 8854.09 7800.62 7307.09 7603.61 7669.85 7892.14 7850.20

2027 9100.94 7938.10 7370.94 7714.62 7808.55 8087.31 8086.76

2028 9410.89 8141.47 7497.89 7885.18 7989.66 8307.01 8324.17

2029 9673.53 8295.44 7577.53 8011.10 8138.97 8508.33 8560.95

2030 9974.74 8489.68 7695.74 8173.41 8314.21 8724.63 8798.24

2031 10247.00 8653.70 7785.00 8308.41 8469.99 8929.68 9035.15

2032 10538.21 8837.50 7893.21 8461.28 8638.51 9142.10 9272.31

Load Projection

Required MW = Calculated Peak Load - Current Peak Load

Required MW = 11227.91 MW - 8128.67 MW

Required MW = 3099.24 MW

Plant Capacity of 400 MW < Required Capacity

The Proposed Power Plant will serve as a Base Load Power Plant
Capitalization
Capitalization

Power Plant

Board Members

Investors Stockholders
Ownership
Ownership
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
Thank You
DESIGN OF A 1004 MW COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
Introduction

Electricity is an essential part of modern life, providing a

safe, dependable, and efficient source of energy for homes,
businesses, and industries. Its generation from various
sources such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, and
renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric
power is critical for economic development and climate
change mitigation.
Introduction

On November 28, 2016, the National Grid

Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) raised a red
alert warning due to simultaneous outages of power
plants in the Luzon grid, leading to a condition of
severely strained power reserves. The affected
areas included Manila Electric Company's
(Meralco) franchise area, resulting in sporadic
brownouts.
Introduction

In relation to this, the proponents of the project aim to

construct a 1004 MW combined cycle power plant in Barangay
Labac, Naic, Cavite, as a way to increase the power supply in the
area and prevent brownouts. The power plant will use natural gas
as fuel, which is expected to be more reliable and less prone to
outages compared to traditional coal-fired power plants. This will
contribute to the overall stability of the power grid, especially
during times of high demand.
Rationale of the Design

   The Luzon grid may

experience blackouts in the
second quarter of this year
due to a 1,335 MW deficit
in the country's power
supply (Institute of Climate
and Sustainable Cities,
2022). 
Rationale of the Design

   The US International Trade

Administration predicted last
September that the Malampaya gas
field, the country's primary source
of natural gas and currently
providing 30% of Luzon's energy
demand, would be drained and
depleted by the year 2024 (Rivera,
D., 2021).
Rationale of the Design

         Power distributors such as MERALCO, which provides

electricity to the entire province of Cavite, from District 1 to
District 8, would require additional electric power reserves
because power demand in its coverage area is expected to
rise over time. In connection with this, it is expected that the
electricity demand would increase every year. 

    
Rationale of the Design

Thus, it is necessary to increase the power supply in the

years to come. The 1004 MW combined cycle power plant
in Brgy. Labac, Naic, Cavite will be of great assistance to
MERALCO. This will help in stabilizing the electricity
distribution, balancing the energy supply and demand and
resolving the inadequate power supply. 
Target Location of the Plant
Target Location of the Plant

NAIC CAVITE BARANGAY LABAC

● 8th District
• Population: 6,690
• Coordinates:
● 1st class of Municipality  14°18'43.9"N
● land area : 8600 ha 120°43'55.2"E
● Population: 111,454 • Elevation: estimated
● 30 barangays at 8.4 meters or 27.6
feet above mean sea
level.
8th District of Cavite Naic, Cavite
Brgy. Labac, Naic, Cavite
Proposed Plant Location
Land Specifications

- 100,000 sqm / 10 ha
- According to the National Statistical Coordination Board
(NSCB), alienable and disposable lands are public domain
properties that have been classified under the current system
but have been ruled unnecessary for forest purposes. These
lands are meant for economic activities that fall into two
categories: production and built-up areas. The desired location
is in a developed region designated for communities and
industrial enterprises.
 Accessibility

The location is close to Naic-Ternate Road,

which is a national secondary road, making it
accessible by land. Furthermore, it is positioned
near a body of water, making boat transportation
viable.
Access to Power Supply

The proposed power plant in Barangay Labac,

Naic, Cavite is near the transmission line powered by
the Meralco Puerto Azul Substation, located at
Nasugbu - Ternate Hwy, Ternate, Cavite of Manila
Electric Company (MERALCO).
 Water Supply

The proposed location is suitable for the proposed

combined cycle power plant since it is near seawater
which is one of the important considerations in
building a combined power plant. 
Access to Fuel Supply

The proposed combined cycle powerplant

considers Malampaya as its primary supplier of
natural gas. The location is approximately 70 km
away from the natural gas pipeline and transport will
take almost 2 hours by land.
     Two other options for the fuel supply includes the first
Philippines LNG import terminal (PHLNG) developed by
Atlantic Gulf & Pacific (AG&P) located at Ilijan, Batangas
and First Gen Corp.’s Batangas LNG terminal at First Gen
Clean Energy Complex, Batangas in the case that Malampaya
can no longer supply natural gas. 
PHLNG Terminal

  The import terminal will serve the LNG demand requirements of

the current 1,200-megawatt (MW) Ilijan  plant, its 850MW
expansion, and future power projects of SMC Global Power
Holdings (SMCGPH). Ilijan’s 850MW expansion is expected to
begin operations in 2022.
   The terminal is open to supply other powerplants as it has installed
two (2) gas metering system and has a truck loading facility for the
transportation of fuel. 
Projected View of the Power Plant on the Proposed Location
Power Plant Layout
Load Survey
Load Survey
Load Survey
Load Survey
Load Projection
Load Projection
Load Projection
Plant Capacity
Peak Load
The peak load can be obtained by dividing the total average load in MW by the load factor.
The load factor varies per electricity distributor, MERALCO has a load factor that ranges
from 68% to 72%. In solving for peak load, the maximum load factor is utilized.
● Peak Load, (MW) = Average Load (MW)/Load Factor (%)
● Peak Load, (MW) = 601.8949094  (MW)/0.72 (%)
● Peak Load, MW= 835.965152  MW
Plant Capacity
According to CHINT Global (2021), given the fact that electricity produced by power
plants is separated by large distances from its consumers, extensive conductors are set in
between these distances. Power is lost at different stages and percentages. Hence, to solve
for the total plant capacity of the plant, reserved capacity and the system’s losses should be
taken into consideration.
Plant Capacity
As reported by MERALCO, their average system loss is about 6 % which accounts to the
transmission and distribution losses while assuming a reserved capacity of 14%.

Plant Capacity = Peak Load + Reserved over peak + System Loss

Plant Capacity = 835.965152  MW + (835.965152  MW *0.14) + (835.965152  MW*0.06)

Plant Capacity = 1003.158182  MW ≈ 1004 MW

Capitalization

When capitalizing a power plant for financial

purposes, we must include the fixed costs and
operating costs. The fixed costs of electricity
generating are mostly capital and land expenditures.
On the other hand, power plant operating costs
include fuel, labor, and maintenance.
 Investing is one method of raising finances for the
projected power plant's construction. An investment is a
purchase undertaken with the intention of generating income
or capital growth.

A loan is a financial instrument that allows a user to access

a certain amount of money at the start of the transaction with
the condition that this amount, plus the agreed-upon interest,
be repaid within a specified time frame.
            A company may become a possible investor of the
proposed power plant due to the expertise regarding
power and energy generation. This company has been
generating energy by utilizing various types of energy,
from natural gas, coal, and up to hydroelectric. The
power plants that this company have constructed have
provided power across the country. Moreover, this
company has also entered power distribution which could
be beneficial in providing energy to the consumers.
Ownership
The proposed combined power plant located in Barangay Labac, Naic, Cavite will undergo
the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) method of project delivery.
The proposed power plant will be designed, procured, and constructed within 5 years and
the project operation period will last for about 25 to 30 years.
The last phase of the project delivery is the transfer of the assets to the concerned
government authority. The consumers will be the general public within the transmission
area that will avail the services provided by the proposed power plant.
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure

1. Economics
a. Accounting Department
b. Planning and Economic Department
c. Finance Department
d. Department of Real Estate Registration
e. Tenders Department
Organizational Structure

2. Personnel and Social Affairs

a. Human Resources Department
b. Maintenance of Buildings Department
c. Utilities Department
d. Medical Center
Organizational Structure

3. Legal Advise and Affairs

      The powerplant relies on this for legalizing contracts,
drafting legal documents, and resolving disputes.
Organizational Structure

4. Operations and Engineering

a. Technical Engineering Department
b. Boiler Department 
c. Turbine Department
d. Electric Department
e. Department of Thermal Automatics and Measurements
f. Fuel-transport Department
g. Chemical Department
h. Repair and Maintenance Department
Organizational Structure

5. Emergencies and Civil Defense Department

      The department for emergencies and civil defense holds
responsibility for the health and safety of the employees by
overseeing onsite preparedness.
Organizational Structure

6. General Affairs
a. Office Department
b. Inspection of Orders Execution Control
c. Department of Logistics
d. Maintenance Department
e. Security Department
Thank You!