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Road Performance Curves

This document discusses road performance curves and vehicle dynamics concepts. It covers the forces that affect a vehicle's motion, including aerodynamic resistance, rolling resistance, grade resistance, and tractive effort. It also discusses acceleration, braking forces, and stopping sight distance. Key equations for these concepts are presented. The document is intended as a guide for an automotive engineering student's class project on this topic.

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sakshi Tungikar
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71 views

Road Performance Curves

This document discusses road performance curves and vehicle dynamics concepts. It covers the forces that affect a vehicle's motion, including aerodynamic resistance, rolling resistance, grade resistance, and tractive effort. It also discusses acceleration, braking forces, and stopping sight distance. Key equations for these concepts are presented. The document is intended as a guide for an automotive engineering student's class project on this topic.

Uploaded by

sakshi Tungikar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROAD PERFORMANCE CURVES

Name : Sakshi Sunil Tungikar


Subject : Automobile Engineering
Class : BE Mechanical
Roll No. : BE19F02F061

Guided By: Dr. S. D. Ambekar


OUTLINE

1. Resistance
◦ Aerodynamic
◦ Rolling
◦ Grade
2. Tractive Effort
◦ Maximum Tractive Effort
◦ Engine Generated Tractive Effort
3. Acceleration
4. Braking
◦ Stopping Sight Distance
REVIEW
 Force (N):
◦ influence that tends to change motion
◦ mass (kg) * acceleration (m/s2)
 Torque (Nm):
◦ influence that tends to change rotational motion
◦ Force * lever arm
 Work (Nm):
◦ Force * distance
 Power (Nm/s):
◦ Rate of doing work (work/time)
PRIMARY OPPOSING FORCE
 Resistance (N): Force impeding vehicle motion
 Tractive Effort (N): Force available at the roadway
surface to perform work
SUM FORCES ON THE VEHICLE
 F = ma + Ra +Rrl + Rg
AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE Ra
 Composed of:
1. Turbulent air flow around vehicle body (85%)
2. Friction of air over vehicle body (12%)
3. Vehicle component resistance, from radiators and
air vents (3%)
POWER REQUIRED TO OVERCOME Ra
 Power
◦ work/time
◦ force*distance/time
◦ Ra *V
ROLLING RESISTANCE Rrl
 Composed primarily of
◦ Resistance from tire deformation (90%)
◦ Tire penetration and surface compression (4%)
◦ Tire slippage and air circulation around wheel (6%)
◦ Wide range of factors affect total rolling resistance
◦ Simplifying approximation:
POWER REQUIRED TO OVERCOME
ROLLING RESISTANCE
 On a level surface at maximum speed we could identify
available horsepower
GRADE RESISTANCE Rg
 Composed of
◦ Gravitational force acting on the vehicle
◦ The component parallel to the roadway
AVAILABLE TRACTIVE EFFORT
 The minimum of:
1. Force generated by the engine, Fe
2. Maximum value that is a function of the vehicle’s
weight distribution and road-tire interaction, Fmax
ENGINE-GENERATED TRACTIVE EFFORT
 Force
ENGINE GENERATED TRACTIVE EFFORT:
 Power
VEHICLE SPEED VS. ENGINE SPEED
DIAGRAM
MAXIMUM TRACTIVE EFFORT
TRACTIVE EFFORT RELATIONSHIPS
VEHICLE ACCELERATION
 Governing Equation

 Mass Factor (accounts for inertia of vehicle’s rotating


parts)
BRAKING
 Maximum braking force occurs when the tires are at a
point of impending slide.
◦ Function of roadway condition
◦ Function of tire characteristics
 Maximum vehicle braking force (Fb max) is
◦ coefficient of road adhesion (mu) multiplied by the
vehicle weights normal to the roadway surface
BRAKING FORCE
 Front axle

 Rear axle
BRAKING FORCE
 Maximum attainable vehicle deceleration is (mu)g
 Maximum obtained when force distributed as per weight
distribution
 Brake force ratio is this ratio that achieves maximum
braking forces
STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SSD)
 Worst-case conditions
◦ Poor driver skills
◦ Low braking efficiency
◦ Wet pavement
 Perception-reaction time = 2.5 seconds
 Equation

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