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NTH Order

The document discusses successive differentiation, which is the process of taking derivatives of higher orders. It provides examples of finding the nth derivative of various functions, including polynomials, exponential functions, trigonometric functions, and rational functions. To find the nth derivative of any function, it is decomposed into partial functions that can be differentiated repeatedly.

Uploaded by

Nitin Grover
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
358 views

NTH Order

The document discusses successive differentiation, which is the process of taking derivatives of higher orders. It provides examples of finding the nth derivative of various functions, including polynomials, exponential functions, trigonometric functions, and rational functions. To find the nth derivative of any function, it is decomposed into partial functions that can be differentiated repeatedly.

Uploaded by

Nitin Grover
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUCCESSIVE DIFFERENTIAN

If y=f(x) is a function of a single variable


in an interval a<x<b than dy/dx=f(x) is its
first derivative with respect to x.

In general, f(x) is a function of x and
hence can be differentiated further to get
d/dx(dy/dx)=d
2
y/d
2
x=f(x)
known as second derivative of y=f(x) at x.


Similarly, we may have d
3
y/d
3
x=f(x),
d
4
y/d
4
x=f(x), .d
n
y/d
n
x=f
n
(x) as third,
fourth, n
th
derivative of f(x) at x.

Some times the following notation are
also used:
y
1
, y
2
, y
3
,..y
n
Dy, D
2
y, D
3
y, D
n
y, D=d/dx
for 1
st
, 2
nd
, . nth derivative
The nth derivative of some function.

1
1
n
n
y x
y nx

=
=
2
2
3
3
( 1)
( 1)( 2)
...
..
n
n
y n n x
y n n n x

=
=
( 1)( 2)( 3).....3.2.1
!
n
n
y n n n n
y n
=
=
In general

if m>n


Let y= x
m
then y
n
= n! if m=n
0 if n>m
!
( )!
m n
m
x
m n

Ex. Find 10
th
derivative of (2x+3)
15




15 10 10
10
5 10
10
.
15!
(2 3) 2
(15 10)!
15!
= (2 3) 2
5!
=15.14.13.12.11.10.9.8.7.6.(2x+3)2
Sol
y x
x

= +

+
2. n
th
derivative of e
ax
.
Let y=e
ax


y
1
=ae
ax

y
2
= a
2
e
ax

.
.
y
n
= a
n
e
ax
nth derivative of a
x


Let y = a
x


y
1
= a
x
log
e
a

y
2
= a
x
(log
e
a)
2

.
.
y
n
= a
x
(log
e
a)
n
4. nth derivative of

1
ax b +
1
1
y= ( ) let ax b
ax b

= +
+
2
1
2 3
2
3 4
3
y 1. .( )
y 1. 2. ( )
y 1. 2. 3. ( )
then a ax b
a ax b
a ax b

= +
= +
= +
( 1)
,
y ( 1) !( )
n n n
n
a n ax b
+
= +
nth derivative of sin(ax+b)
Let y = sin(ax+b)

1
2 2
2
then cos( ) = a sin( )
2
2
cos( ) = a sin( +ax+b)
2 2
,
,
y =a sin( +ax+b)
2
n
n
y ax b a ax b
y ax b a
n
t
t t
t
= + + +
= + +

8. nth derivative of e
ax
sin(b x + c)
y1 = e
ax
sin (b x + c)
= a e
a x
sin(b x +c)+e
ax
c o s (b x + c)b
= e
ax
[ a sin(b x+c)+b c o s (b x + c)]
Let a=r cos and b=r sin
y1 = e
ax
[ r cos sin(bx +c) + r sin cos (bx+c)]
= e
ax
r sin( +bx+c)
y2 = e
ax
r2 sin(bx+c+2 )
.
.
.
yn = e
ax
r
n
sin(b x+c+n ) where, =tan
-1
(b/a)
r
2
= a
2
+ b
2


Similarly, y = e
ax
cos(bx+c)
y
n
= e
ax
r
n
cos(bx+c+n )






Find the nth derivative of
e
ax
cos
2
x sinx



2
1
let cos sin (cos 2 1)sin
2
ax ax
y e x x e x x = = +
1 1 1
(cos 2 sin sin ) 2cos 2 sin sin
2 4 2
ax ax ax
e x x x e x x e x = + = +
1 1 1 1
(sin3 sin ) sin sin3 sin
4 2 4 4
ax ax ax ax
e x x e x e x e x = + = +
2 2 2 1
( sin ) sin( ) where , tan
n
ax ax n
n
d b
e bx e r bx n r a b
dx a
o o

= + = + =
2 1 2 1
2 2
so that
1 3 1 1
( 9) sin(3 tan ) ( 1) sin( tan )
4 4
n n
ax ax
n
y e a x n e a x n
a a

= + + + + +

In order to find the nth derivative of any rational
function. We have to decompose it in partial function
Ex.

If Find y
n

Sol.





Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, n times

2
1
,
1 5 6
y
x x
=
+
2
1 1
1 5 6 (2 1)(3 1)
2 3
2 1 3 1
y
x x x x
x x
= =
+
=

1 1
2( 1) 2 3( 1) 3
(2 1) (3 1)
n n n n
n
n n
n n
y
x x
+ +

=

1
1
( 1)
( )
n n
n
n
y
ax b
na
y
ax b
+
=
+

=
+

Ex. Find the n
th
derivative of


Sol
n
.





Now differentiating n times, we have



2 2
1
x a +
2 2
1 1
( )( )
1 1 1
2
y
x a x ai x ai
ia x ia x ia
= =
+ +
(
=
(
+

1 1
1 1
1 ( 1) ( 1)
2 ( ) ( )
( 1) 1 1
2 ( ) ( )
n n
n
n n
n
n n
n n
y
ia x ia x ia
n
ia x ia x ia
+ +
+ +
(
=
(
+

(
=
(
+

1
Let cos , a = r.sin so that tan
a
x r
x
u u u

= =
sin ,
sin
a
a r r u
u

= =
`
)
1 1 1
we have
( 1) 1 1 1
2 (cos sin ) (cos sin )
n
n n n
Then
n
ia r i i u u u u
+ + +
(
=
(
+

{ }
1
1
( 1) 1 1
2 cos( 1) sin( 1) cos( 1) sin( 1)
( 1)
cos( 1) sin( 1) {cos( 1) sin( 1) }
2
n
n
n
n
n
iar n i n n i n
n
n i n n i n
iar
u u u u
u u u u
+
+
(
=
(
+ + + + +

= + + + + + (

| |
1
1
1 2
1
( 1)
2 sin( 1)
2
( 1) sin( 1) ( 1) sin( 1) sin
sin
n
n
n n n
n n
n
n
ia n
iar
n n n n
a a
a
u
u u u
u
+
+
+ +
+

= +
+ +
= =
1
2
2
Find the nth derivative of tan
1
x
x

1
2
2
Let tan
1
x
y
x

1
tan tan x x u u

= =
1 1
2
1
2tan
tan tan tan 2 2
1 tan
2tan
y
y x
u
u u
u

= = =

=
1
2
1
2 2
1 ( )( )
1 1 1
( ) ( )
y
x x i x i
y
i x i x i
= =
+ +
(
=
(
+

Now differentiate it (n-1) times




Let





1 1
1 ( 1) 1 ( 1) 1
( ) ( )
n n
n
n n
n n
y
i x i x i

(

=
(
+

cos , 1 sin
( 1) 1 1 1
(cos sin ) (cos sin )
n
n n n
x r r
n
ir i i
u u
u u u u
= =
(
=
(
+

1
sin
r
u

=
`
)
1
1
{ tan }
x
u

=
| |
1
( 1) 1
{cos sin } {cos sin }
( 1) 1
.2 sin
n
n
n
n
n
n i n n i n
ir
n
i n
ir
u u u u
u


= +

=
1
2( 1) 1sin
1
sin
2( 1) sin sin
n
n
n n
n n
n
u
u
u u


=
=
Problems
Find the n
th
derivatives of the following
function

2 2
2
2
1
2
( 1)(2 3)
3
2 7 6
x
x a
x
x x
x
x x
+
+
+ +
Find the n
th
order differentiation
2 2
2
2
3 2
2
3
2
2
2
1
2 (ax+b)
4 1
3
2 2
4 sin
5
3 2
6
( 1) ( 2)
x
x
x a
x x
x x x
e x
x
x x
x
x x

+
+
+
+
+

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