Scribd
Upload
30 views

ContinuousProbabilityDistribution Normal

Here are the probabilities: (a) P(Z < -0.23) = 0.4087 (b) P(Z > 1.93) = 0.0265 (c) P(0.65 < Z < 2.10) = 0.7249 - 0.2519 = 0.4730

Uploaded by

S Lu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

ContinuousProbabilityDistribution Normal

Here are the probabilities: (a) P(Z < -0.23) = 0.4087 (b) P(Z > 1.93) = 0.0265 (c) P(0.65 < Z < 2.10) = 0.7249 - 0.2519 = 0.4730

Uploaded by

S Lu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Relative frequency histograms that are symmetric

and bell-shaped are said to have the shape of a


normal curve.
If a continuous random variable is normally
distributed or has a normal probability
distribution, then a relative frequency histogram
of the random variable has the shape of a
normal curve (bell-shaped and symmetric).
Properties of the Normal Density Curve
7. The Empirical Rule: About 68% of the area
under the graph is within one standard deviation
of the mean; about 95% of the area under the
graph is within two standard deviations of the
mean; about 99.7% of the area under the graph
is within three standard deviations of the mean.
EXAMPLE A Normal Random Variable

The following data represent the heights (in


inches) of a random sample of 50 two-year
old males.
(a) Create a relative frequency distribution
with the lower class limit of the first class
equal to 31.5 and a class width of 1.
(b) Draw a histogram of the data.
(c ) Do you think that the variable “height of
2-year old males” is normally distributed?
36.0 36.2 34.8 36.0 34.6 38.4 35.4 36.8
34.7 33.4 37.4 38.2 31.5 37.7 36.9 34.0
34.4 35.7 37.9 39.3 34.0 36.9 35.1 37.0
33.2 36.1 35.2 35.6 33.0 36.8 33.5 35.0
35.1 35.2 34.4 36.7 36.0 36.0 35.7 35.7
38.3 33.6 39.8 37.0 37.2 34.8 35.7 38.9
37.2 39.3
In the next slide, we have a normal
density curve drawn over the histogram.
How does the area of the rectangle
corresponding to a height between 34.5
and 35.5 inches relate to the area under
the curve between these two heights?
EXAMPLE Interpreting the Area Under a Normal
Curve
The weights of pennies minted after 1982 are
approximately normally distributed with mean 2.46
grams and standard deviation 0.02 grams.
(a) Draw a normal curve with the parameters
labeled.
(b) Shade the region under the normal curve
between 2.44 and 2.49 grams.
(c) Suppose the area under the normal curve for
the shaded region is 0.7745. Provide two
interpretations for this area.
EXAMPLE Relation Between a Normal
Random Variable and a Standard
Normal Random Variable

The weights of pennies minted after 1982 are


approximately normally distributed with mean 2.46
grams and standard deviation 0.02 grams.
Draw a graph that demonstrates the area under the
normal curve between 2.44 and 2.49 grams is equal
to the area under the standard normal curve
between the Z-scores of 2.44 and 2.49 grams.
Properties of the Normal Density Curve
7. The Empirical Rule: About 68% of the area
under the graph is between -1 and 1; about 95%
of the area under the graph is between -2 and 2;
about 99.7% of the area under the graph is
between -3 and 3.
The table gives the area under the standard
normal curve for values to the left of a specified
Z-score, zo, as shown in the figure.
EXAMPLE Finding the Area Under the
Standard Normal Curve

Find the area under the standard normal curve to


the left of Z = -0.38.
Area under the normal curve to the
right of zo
= 1 – Area to the left of zo
EXAMPLE Finding the Area Under the
Standard Normal Curve

Find the area under the standard normal curve to


the right of Z = 1.25.

Look in the Normal distribution table:


P(x>=1.25) =1-P(x<1.25)=1-0.8944=0.1056
EXAMPLE Finding the Area Under the
Standard Normal Curve

Find the area under the standard normal curve


between Z = -1.02 and Z = 2.94.

P(-1.02<x<2.94)=P(x<2.94)-p(x<-1.02)
=0.9984-0.1539
=0.8445
EXAMPLE Finding a Z-score from a Specified
Area to the Left

Find the Z-score such that the area to the left of


the Z-score is 0.68.

i.e., find Z such that P(x<Z)=0.68 , Z =0.46


EXAMPLE Finding a Z-score from a Specified
Area to the Right

Find the Z-score such that the area to the right


of the Z-score is 0.3021.

P(x>Z) =0.3021, so P(x<Z) = 0.6979


z=0.52
EXAMPLE Finding a Z-score
EXAMPLE Finding the Value of z

Find the value of z0.25


Notation for the Probability of a Standard Normal
Random Variable
P(a < Z < b) represents the probability a
standard normal random variable is
between a and b
P(Z > a) represents the probability a
standard normal random variable is
greater than a.

P(Z < a) represents the probability a standard


normal random variable is less than
a.
EXAMPLE Finding Probabilities of Standard
Normal Random Variables
Find each of the following probabilities:
(a) P(Z < -0.23)
(b) P(Z > 1.93)
(c) P(0.65 < Z < 2.10)

You might also like