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Simulation On Queuing Models

This document discusses using simulation with random numbers to model queuing systems. It introduces queuing models and simulation, then discusses reasons for using simulation such as when the actual environment cannot be observed or modeled analytically. Shortcomings include simulation not being precise and requiring significant resources. The steps of simulation include defining the problem, formulating a model, collecting data, testing the model, running simulations, analyzing results, and validating inferences from the simulation. An example is given of simulating a queue using random numbers from distributions of inter-arrival and service times.

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camille malonzo
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41 views

Simulation On Queuing Models

This document discusses using simulation with random numbers to model queuing systems. It introduces queuing models and simulation, then discusses reasons for using simulation such as when the actual environment cannot be observed or modeled analytically. Shortcomings include simulation not being precise and requiring significant resources. The steps of simulation include defining the problem, formulating a model, collecting data, testing the model, running simulations, analyzing results, and validating inferences from the simulation. An example is given of simulating a queue using random numbers from distributions of inter-arrival and service times.

Uploaded by

camille malonzo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Queuing

Models
Simulation using Random
Numbers

Levin, Richard I., et. al., Quantitative Approaches to Management, 8th


Edition
Introduction

– Simulation is a quantitative
procedure which describes a
process by developing a
model of that process and
then conducts a series of
organized trial-and-error
experiments to predict the
behavior over time.
Reasons for Using Simulation
1. Simulation is the only method available because the actual environment is difficult to observe.
(In spaceflight or the charting of satellite trajectories, it is widely used.)
2. It is not possible to develop an analytic solution.
3. Actual observation of a system is prohibitively expensive. (The operation of a large computer
center under a number of different operating alternatives might be too expensive to be
feasible.)
4. There is not sufficient time to allow the system to operate extensively. (If we were studying
long-run trends in world population, for instance, we simply could not wait the required
number of years to see results.)
5. Actual operation and observation of a system is too disruptive. (If you are comparing two ways
of providing food service in a hospital, the confusion that would result from operating two
different systems long enough to get valid observations might be too great.)
Shortcomings of Simulation
1. Simulation is not precise. It is not an optimization process and does not yield an answer but merely
provides a set of the system's responses to different operating conditions. In many cases, this lack of
precision is difficult to measure.
2. A good simulation model may be very expensive. Often it takes years to develop a usable corporate
planning model.
3. Not all situations can be evaluated using simulation. Only situations involving uncertainty are
candidates, because without a random component, all simulated experiments would produce the
same answer.
4. Simulation generates a way of evaluating solutions, but it does not generate the solution techniques.
Managers must still generate all of the solution approaches they want to test.
5. Even when you spend the resources to build a simulation model that makes sense in some real-world
context, it is often difficult for the people who built it to understand that they are still not looking at
reality, but at best, an abstraction of the real world.
Steps in the Simulation Process
1. Define the problem or system you intend to simulate.
2. Formulate the model you intend to use.
3. Identify and collect the data needed to test the model.
4. Test the model; compare its behavior with the behavior of the actual problem environment.
5. Run the simulation.
6. Analyze the results of the simulation, and, if desired, change the solution you are
evaluating.
7. Rerun the simulation to test the new solution.
8. Validate the simulation; that is, increase the chances that any inferences you draw about the
real situation from running the simulation will be valid.
Simulation using Random Numbers
Queue Simulation using Random Numbers
Distribution Table for Inter-arrival time

Time (Minutes) Frequency Probability Cumulative Probability Random Number

0 12
3 18
6 50
9 74
12 32
15 14
TOTAL 200      

Distribution Table for Service time

Time (Minutes) Frequency Probability Cumulative Probability Random Number

4 8

6 20

8 36

10 88

12 48

TOTAL 200      

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