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Module 4

The document discusses three main ethical frameworks - Utilitarianism, Ethics of Principles and Rights, and Virtue Ethics. It provides details on each framework, including key philosophers and concepts. It also examines the impact of different belief systems such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam on business ethics. Finally, it analyzes the influence of several Filipino cultural practices and beliefs including "padrino system", "utang na loob", "bahala na", and "mañana habit" on ethical business conduct.

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LUCELLE ESCANO
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31 views

Module 4

The document discusses three main ethical frameworks - Utilitarianism, Ethics of Principles and Rights, and Virtue Ethics. It provides details on each framework, including key philosophers and concepts. It also examines the impact of different belief systems such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam on business ethics. Finally, it analyzes the influence of several Filipino cultural practices and beliefs including "padrino system", "utang na loob", "bahala na", and "mañana habit" on ethical business conduct.

Uploaded by

LUCELLE ESCANO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATIONS AND

PRINCIPLES OF
BUSINESS ETHICS

Module 4
The Three Ethical Frameworks

1.UTILITARIANISM

2.ETHICS OF PRINCIPLES
AND RIGHTS

3.VIRTUE ETHICS
UTILITARIANISM
-making decision
on ethical
consequences
-results based
approach
-the end justifies
Jeremy Bentham the means John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism
 A decision is morally right if the net benefits over costs
are greatest for all the people affected, compared with the
net benefits over costs of all other possible choices.

 A decision is morally right if its benefits are greatest for


each individual and if these benefits outweigh the costs
and benefits of alternatives.

 A decision is morally right if its benefits are greatest for


each individual and if this benefits outweigh the costs and
benefits of alternatives.
Utilitarianism
 Principle of Utility
“An act is good or
morally right if it
promotes happiness and
bad or immoral if it tends
to produce pain.”
UTILITARIANISM “We should
APPLICATION act always so
as to
produce the
greatest
good for the
greatest
number.”
RULE-BASED ACT-BASED
UTILITARIANISM UTILITARIANISM

 General
 The decision is based on the
principles are
likelihood of achieving the
used in making a greatest utility of good by
decision analyzing particular actions or
 It uses rules to determine behaviors.
ethical behavior.  Uses analysis of particular
actions or behavior to
determine what is the best
behavior.
WHEN IN BUSINESS?
ETHICS OF PRINCIPLES AND RIGHTS
One needs to make a decision based on
principles rather than the end result or
consequences.
These may arise from laws, rules, duties
and guidelines (whether written or
unwritten) set by government,
organizations and institutions.
BUDDHISM
Buddhist refrain from:
◦ Harming or taking lives of
beings
◦ Taking what is not given
◦ Engaging in sexual
misconduct
◦ Lying or spreading gossips
◦ Taking intoxicating substance
such as alcohol and drugs.
IMPACTS OF
DIFFERENT BELIEF
SYSTEMS ON
BUSINESS ETHICS
VIRTUE ETHICS
 Virtue can be described as the character traits that would
constitute a good and meaningful life.

 Virtue ethics focuses on the kind of individual one should


be and not necessarily on the actions that should be done
by the individual.

 Ithas been established by Plato and Aristotle the famous


philosophers.
ISLAM
The Shariah law is the legal authority
CHRISTIANITY
Christiansbelief are
based on the Bible
We have ten
commandments
We believe we are
the stewards of
God’s creations.
IMPACT OF FILIPINO
PRACTICES AND
BELIEFS SYSTEMS ON
BUSINESS ETHICS
FILIPINO TIME
PADRINO SYSTEM
PADRINO SYSTEM
The padrino system or patronage happens
when one gains favor, promotion or political
position through family affiliations or friendship ,
as opposed to earning merit for one’s own effort,
skills, and abilities. For example, a person may be
given a promotion in the office not because he or
she deserves it but because he or she is a friend
or a relative of a business owner. Aside from
denying the rightful person the position that he or
she deserves, it may also foster ill feeling among
other employees in the department.
UTANG NA LOOB
UTANG NA LOOB
Utang na loob or debt of gratitude is the
concept of repaying a person for what he or
she has done in nonmonetary terms. The
good deed that has been received will be
paid back with a good deed as well. While
this may seem as a harmless and even a
thoughtful practice, in a business setting it
may cause ethical dilemmas such as giving
a promotion or a special favor to an
PAKIKISAMA
BAHALA NA
“Bahala na” is a phrase that
can be loosely translated “as
whatever happens, happens. If it
usually use in difficult situations
where you do not know what the
outcome might be, and you
leave everything in the hands of
God or to fate.
MAÑANA HABIT
“MAMAYA NA” is delaying to
do things instead of doing things
now. This habit has a negative
impact on business because it
leads to low productivity and low
performance or service.
FILIPINO HOSPITALITY
Filipinos are known worldwide for their warm
hospitality. This trait is best manifested in the
hospitality and tourism industries such as hotels,
resorts, airlines, travel agencies and the like where
these entities stretch themselves to deliver services
to their clients with unique experiences such as
riding jeepneys and dining at the Filipino
restaurants where cook and waiters sing and
dance. Showing Filipino hospitality to foreign
visitors make their stay in the country not only
enjoyable but unforgettable as well.

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