DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE8811- PROJECT WORK

DESIGN OF URBAN STORMWATER

MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

TEAM MEMBERS
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
ABINASH KUMAR V -822719103001 Dr. PL.SENTHILKUMAR Ph.D.
PARTHIBAN S - 822719103030 Asst. Prof in Civil Engg
HARIHARAN D - 822719103315
INTRODUCTION
______________________________

ꜥ The proposed project work details with the design

and construction of Storm water drainage in Insert Your Image
Velachery, Chennai.
Insert Your Image
ꜥ The main objective of the project is to designing and
constructing a storm water drainage system to
mitigate flooding and waterlogging issues at
Velachery.
URBAN STORMWATER PROBLEMS
______________________________

ꜥ Flooding: During heavy rainfall events, stormwater can quickly

overwhelm drainage system, leading to flooding and property Insert Your Image
damage.

ꜥ Water quality degradation: As stormwater runoff impervious

Insert Your Image
roads such as roads and rooftops which picks up pollutants.

ꜥ The lack of linkage between existing stormwater structures is

one of the reasons why waterlogging was seen in low lying
areas.
OBECTIVES
______________________________

ꜥ To access the quantity of stormwater runoff in a

congested urban area (Ex: Velachery, Chennai) Insert Your Image

Insert Your Image

ꜥ Based on the stormwater runoff calculation, the
design of the urban stormwater management
structures being carried out to manage the urban
stormwater issues.
METHODOLOGY
01 Site selection

02 Runoff Calculation

03 Design & Detailing

04 Estimation

05 Construction

06 Result & Discussion

 REVIEW OF LITER-
ATURE
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

S.K. Garg (2007) provides an overview of methods for

calculating stormwater runoff, including the rational method,
Modified rational method, and soil conservation service
method.
 REVIEW OF LITER-
ATURE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE STORM WATER
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Hu et al. (2020) emphasizes the importance of sustainability

in the design and construction of storm water drainage
systems. The authors argue that the incorporation of green
infrastructure, such as green roofs and rain gardens, can
provide multiple benefits, including reducing storm water
runoff and improving urban biodiversity.
 REVIEW OF LITER-
ATURE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS IN URBAN AREAS

K. N. Gunasekera and P. H. S. W. Kulatunga et al. (2017) discuss the

various components of stormwater drainage systems, including surface
and subsurface drainage, and discuss the importance of incorporating
sustainable practices into the design and construction process. The
article highlights the need for improved planning and management of
stormwater infrastructure to ensure effective performance and
minimize the negative impacts on the environment
RUNOFF CALCULATION
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The Rational Method

This method is mostly used in determining the quantity of storm water.
The storm water quantity is determined by the rational formula.
Q= C.i.A./ 360
Where,
Q = quantity of storm-water in m /sec.
3

C = coefficient of runoff
i = intensity of rainfall in mm/hour.
A = drainage area in hectares.
RUNOFF COEFFICIENT
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The whole quantity of rain water that falls over ground does not reach the sewer
lines or drains. A portion of it percolates in the ground, a portion evaporates, a
portion is stored in ponds and ditches, and only the remaining portion of rain
water reaches the drains and sewers. The runoff coefficient is a fraction which is
multiplied with the quantity of total rainfall, to determine the quantity of rain
water which will reach the sewers. After continuous rainfall for some time, the
ponds and ditches are filled up and the atmosphere becomes nearly saturated,
therefore the runoff coefficient mainly depends on the characteristics of ground
surface as porosity, wetness, ground cover etc.
RUNOFF CALCULATION
___________________________________________

Type of surface % of Area Runoff Coefficient

Roofs 30 0.9

Pavements and yards 15 0.8

Lawns, Gardens 30 0.15

Macadamised roads 15 0.4

Vacant Plots 10 0.1

OVERALL RUNOFF COEFFICIENT
___________________________________________________________

Runoff Coefficient ‘C’ = A1 C1 + A2 C2 + … + An Cn

A1 + A2 + … + An

= 10 (0.3x0.5 + 0.15x0.8 + 0.3x0.15 + 0.15x0.4 + 0.1x0.1)

10 (0.3 + 0.15 + 0.3 + 0.15 + 0.1)

C = 0.505
RUNOFF CALCULATION
___________________________________________

The Rational Method

Q = C.i.A./ 360

Overall coefficient of runoff C = 0.505

Intensity of rainfall i = 50 mm/hr.
Q = 0.505 x 50 x 10 / 360

Q = 0.7 m3/sec.
The discharge of stormwater which will reach the drain is 0.7 m3/sec.
SIZING OF THE DRAIN
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It was estimated from quantification that the peak discharge from the catchment area is 0.7 m 3/sec. Using Manning’s
equation, determining the best hydraulic cross-section for a rectangular channel.

Q = VA

V =1/n x R2/3 x S1/2

Where,

Q = Discharge (m3/sec) A = Flow area (m2)

V = Allowable velocity (m/s) R = Hydraulic Radius (m)

Manning’s roughness coefficient (n) =0.014

Bed Slope of channel (S) =3 % (0.03)

SIZING OF THE DRAIN (Cont.)
_______________________________________________________

Q = VA------(1) Substituting Q, n, R, S and A into Equation (2),

Q =1/n x R x S x A-------(2)
2/3 1/2 0.7 = 1/0.014 x (y/2)2/3 x (0.03)1/2 x 2y2

y =0.3 m
For the best hydraulic section for rectangular drain
b = 2y and R = y/2 b = 2 x 0.3 = 0.6 m

Cross-sectional area of the drain (A) = by It is necessary to provide freeboard of at least 1Feat
(0.3m)
Substituting b = 2y into the area formula;
Cross-sectional area of the drain (A) = (2y) y = 2y2 Therefore,

Drain depth = 0.3 + 0.3 = 0.6 m

Breadth = 0.6 m
SIZING OF THE DRAIN (Cont.)
_______________________________________________________
 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN

• The rectangular drain is backfilled with a typical cohesionless granular material,

having a unit weight (γ) of 18 kN/m3,
• zero cohesion (C), and the angle of internal friction (ɸ) is 0.5
• The unit weight of reinforced concrete is 24 kN/m3
• Surcharge loads of 15 and 5 kN/m2 on both sides of the drain
• The drain has been designed to cater to flow of 300 mm depth
• The unit weight of water (γw) is taken as 9.8 kN/m .3

Given the information above, designing the drain wall and base requirements assuming
fcu = 20 N/mm2, fy = 450 N/mm2, cover to the reinforcements = 40 mm, diameter of the
reinforcements = 12 mm and thickness of the walls and base = 200 mm.
DIMENSIONS OF THE DRAIN
 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN – Cont.
WALL PRESSURE CALCULATIONS Wall 2
Active pressure at top of drain wall = qKa =5x0.33 =1.65 KN/m2
Active earth pressure Ka = 1- sin ɸ /1+ sin ɸ Active pressure at base of drain wall= qKa + Ka 2
Ka = 1- sin30°/1 = sin30° =1.65+(0.33x18x0.8)
Ka = 0.333 = 6.402 KN/m2
Wall 1 Passive pressure at top of drain wall = 0
Active earth pressure at top of drain wall = qKa =15x0.33 Passive pressure at base of wall = γwZ
= 4.95 kN/m2 = 9.8x0.6 =5.88KN/m2
Active pressure at base of the drain wall = qKa + Ka γ2 Net pressure at base of the wall = 6.402-5.88
= 4.95+4.752 = 0.522 kN/m2
= 9.702 kN/m2 Total vertical load (N)
Passive pressure at the top of the wall =0 Walls (WWS) =2 x (0.2 x 0.6 x 24) = 5.76 kN/m
Passive pressure at the base of the wall = γwZ = (99.8x0.60) Base (wb) =1x 0.2 x 24 = 4.8 kN/m
= 5.88 kN/m2 Wall (ww) = 0.3 x 0.6 x 9.8 = 1.764 kN/m
Net pressure at base of the wall =9.702-5.88 Total vertical load wws + wb + ww (N)
=3.822 kN/m2 N = 5.76 + 4.8 + 1.764
N = 12.324 kN/m
 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN – Cont.
Horizontal forces on drain walls due to surcharge load and RESISTANCE TO SLIDING
backfill Frictional force (Ff) = µN
Wall 1 = qKaZ + (0.5 x KaγZ x Z) – (0.5 x γwZ x Z) = 0.5 x 12.323
= (15 x 0.333 x 0.8) + (0.5 x 4.752 x 0.8) – (0.5 x 5.88 x 0.8) = 6.162 kN/m
= 3.996 + 1.901 – 2.352 Factor of safety =Ff/PA
= 3.545 kN/m =6.162/2.581
Wall 2 = qKaZ + (0.5 x KaγZ x Z) – (0.5 x γwZ x Z)
=2.387 >1.5
= (5 x 0.333 x 0.8) + (0.5 x 4.752 x 0.8) – (0.5 x 5.88 x 0.8) The FOS 2.3871.5.
therefore, the drain is very safe from sliding.
= 1.415 + 1.901 – 2.352

= 0.964 kN/m
Net horizontal force (PA) = 3.545 – 0.964 = 2.581 kN/m
 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN – Cont.
BEARING CAPACITY CHECK CHECK:

Bending moment about the centerline of the base D/6=1/6=0.167m Since eD/6, there is no tension in the drain base.

M = (w2 x 0.4) + (3.545 x 0.8/3) - (w1 x 0.4) - (0.964 x 0.8/3) Minimum pressure in the drain base (qmax)

M = 1.152 + 0.945 - 1.152 - 0.257 qmax = P/B(1+6e/B) =12.324 / 1 (1+(6 x 0.056)1)

M = 0.688 kN/m =12.324 x 1.336 =16.46 kN/m2

Total vertical load (N) =12.324 kN/m Minimum pressure in the drain base (qmin)
Eccentricity (e) = M/N qmin = p/B (1-6e/B) = 12.324/1(1-(6x0.056)/1)
= 0.688/12.324
= 12.324 x 0.664 = 8.183 kN/m2
= 0.056m
Since qmin and qmax are lower than the allowable bearing pressure of
the soil 150 kN/m2.
Bearing capacity check is satisfied.
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN - WALLS
. DESIGN OF THE WALLS FLEXURAL DESIGN (BENDING)
Since the horizontal force due to surcharge load and backfill K = M / (fcubd2) = (2.03 x 106) / (20 x 1000 x 1552)
on wall 1 is greater than wall 2, we adopt Wall 1 parameters for
design. Using the centroidal formula of parallelogram for the = 4.10 x 10-3 = 0.0042
pressure diagram of wall 1 to determine the distance (x) from = 0.00420.156
the centroid to the base of the wall and distance (y) from the Ia = 0.5 + (0.25-k / 0.9)0.5
centroid to the top of the wall.
= 0.5 + (0.25-0.0042 / 0.9)0.5
x=0.800{[(3.822 + (2 x 4.95)] / [3(3.822+4.95)]} =0.41 = 0.69 <0.95, Ia = 0.69
Thus, y=0.80-0.41=0.382m As, req = M / (0.9fy. la. d) = (2.03 x 106) / (6.95 x 450 x 0.69 x 155)
Taking moment at the top of the drain wall due to the active = 44.39 mm2/m
force As, min = 0.13bh / 100 = 0.13 x 1000 x 200/100
M = 3.545 x 0.38 = 1.31kNm/m
= 260mm2
Taking moment at the base of the drain wall due to the
active force; Provide 12mm bars @ 300 mm c/c (Asprovided =420mm2/m)
M = 3.545 x 0.41 = 1.45 kNm/m STEEL RATIO CHECK
At ultimate limit state 4.0 > (100 Asprovided / bh) > 0.13
M = 1.4 x 1.45 = 1.974 kNm/m 4.0 > (100 x 420) / (1000 x 200) > 0.13
4.0 > 0.21 > 0.13 satisfied
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN - WALLS
SHEAR CHECK

Ultimate design shear force on drain wall (V)

V =(1.4 x 3.545)

V = 4.963 kN/m

Shear stress (v) = V/bd = (4.963 x 1000) / (1000 x 155)

= 0.032 N/mm2

Shear strength(vc) = 0.632 x (100AS / bd)1/3 x (400 x d)1/4 x (fcu/25)1/3

= 0.632 x ((100 x 420) / (100 x 155)0.33 x (400/155)1/4 x (20/25)1/3

=0.632 x 0.649 x 0.649 x 0.64 x 0.928

=0.242
Since V< VC­, no shear reinforcement required.
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN - BASE
qmin = 8.183 kN/m2 = 8.183 x 1.4
On investigating the maximum design moment at point B
= 11.45 kN/m2
qmax =16.46 kN/m2 = 16.46 x 1.4 Water = 1.97kN/m

= 23.04 kN/m2 Base = 3.21kN/m

On investigating the maximum design moment at point, A Earth pressure = (11.45 x 11.2 x (1.2x2) + (23.04-11.45) x 1.2 x 0.5
x (2x1.2/3))
Water = 1.4 (9.8 x 0.3 x 0.8 x (0.8 / 2 + 0.2))
= 1.97 kN/m = 13.34kNm/m
Base = 1.4 (24 x 0.2 x 0.8 (0.8 / 2 + 0.2))
Net moment = 13.34-1.97-3.21=8.61kNm/m
= 3.21 kN/m
Earthwork pressure = (11.45 x 1.2 (1.2/2)) + (23.04-11.45) x 1.2 Since net moment at B > moment at A, we adopt 8.61 kNm for
x 0.5 x (1.1/3) design.
= 11.02 kN/m
Net moment = 11.02-3.21-1.97 = 5.84 kN/m
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN - BASE
SHEAR CHECK
FLEXURAL DESIGN
K = M / (fcubd2) = (8.61 x 102) / (20 x 1000 x 155)2 Calculating the maximum shear force at any section of the drain base
Water = 1.4 x 9.8 x 0.3 x 0.8 = 3.29 kN/m
= 0.0017 < 0.15
Base = 1.4 x 24 x 0.8 = 5.37 kN/m
Ia = 0.5 + (0.25-k/0.9)0.5
Earth pressure = 0.5 x (23.04 -11.45) x 0.8 = 13.79kN/m
= 0.5 + (0.25-0.0017/0.9)0.5
Net shear force = 13.796-3.29-5.37
= 0.99
= 5.136kN/m
Since 0.99 > 0.95, Ia=0.95
Shear stress v = v/bd = (5.13 x 1000) / (100 x 155)
As, req = M / (0.95fy x Ia x d) = 0.033 N/mm2
Shear strength vc = 0.632 x (100AS/bd)1/3 x (400/d)1/4 x
=8.61x10 /(0.95x450x0.95x155)
6

(fcu x 25)1/3
=136.82mm2/m
= 0.632 x (100x420)/(100 x155))1/3 x
Asmin =(0.13bh)/100=0.13x1000x200/100 (400x155)1/4 x (20/25) 1/3
=0.48N/mm2
=260mm2 v < vo; 0.33 < 0.48
Provide 12mm bars @ 300mm c/c (As, prov=420mm2/m)
Since v < vc , No shear reinforcement required.
DETAILING
THANK YOU !