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Luger Logic

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Kishor Bhosale
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24 views

Luger Logic

Uploaded by

Kishor Bhosale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automated Reasoning

13.0 Introduction to Weak Methods in 13.3 PROLOG and Automated Reasoning


Theorem Proving
13.4 Further Issues in Automated Reasoning
13.1 The General Problem Solver and
13.5 Epilogue and References
Difference Tables
13.6 Exercises
13.2 Resolution Theorem Proving

George F Luger

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 5th edition


Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 1


Fig 13.1a Transformation rules for logic problems, from Newell and Simon
(1961).

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 2


Fig 13.1b A proof of a theorem in propositional calculus, from Newell and
Simon (1961).

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 3


Fig 13.2 Flow chart and difference reduction table for the General Problem
Solver, from Newell and Simon (1963b).

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 4


Resolution refutation proofs involve the following steps:

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 5


Fig 13.3 Resolution proof for the “dead dog” problem.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 6


Fig 13.4 One resolution proof for an example from the propositional calculus.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 7


Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 8
Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 9
Fig 13.5 One refutation for the “happy student” problem.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 10


Fig 13.6 Resolution proof for the “exciting life” problem.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 11


Fig 13.7 another resolution refutation for the example of Fig 13.6.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 12


Fig 13.8 Complete state space for the “exciting life” problem generated by
breadth-first search (to two levels).

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 13


Fig 13.9 Using the unit preference strategy on the “exciting life” problem.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 14


Fig 13.10 Unification substitutions of Fig 13.6 applied to the original query.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 15


Fig 13.11 Answer extraction process on the “finding fido” problem.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 16


Fig 13.12 Skolemization as part of the answer extraction process.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 17


Fig 13.13 Data-driven reasoning with n and/or graph in the propositional
calculus

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 18


Fig 13.14 Goal-driven reasoning with an and/or graph in the propositional
calculus.

Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 19


Luger: Artificial Intelligence, 5th edition. © Pearson Education Limited, 2005 20

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