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Chapter 6 Bearing Capacity

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Calculate the net vertical stress due to each load case 2) Calculate the ultimate bearing capacity for each case 3) Determine the minimum width that satisfies the factor of safety of 3 for the critical load case Let me know if you would like me to show the detailed calculations.

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Vhaun Azon
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58 views40 pages

Chapter 6 Bearing Capacity

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Calculate the net vertical stress due to each load case 2) Calculate the ultimate bearing capacity for each case 3) Determine the minimum width that satisfies the factor of safety of 3 for the critical load case Let me know if you would like me to show the detailed calculations.

Uploaded by

Vhaun Azon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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De La Salle University -Manila

Department of Civil and Engineering

FOUNDEN
Bearing Capacity of Shallow
Foundations

Jonathan Rivera Dungca, D.Eng.


Associate Professor
Shallow Foundations Bearing Capacity

• The problems of soil mechanics can be divided


into two principal groups - stability problems and
elasticity problems
- Karl Terzaghi, 1943
Karl Terzaghi (1883-1963)

• Father of modern soil mechanics


• Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia
• Wrote “Erdbaumechanick” in 1925
• Taught at MIT (1925-1929)
• Taught at Harvard (1938 and after)
Karl Terzaghi at Harvard, 1940
Bearing Capacity Failure
Transcosna Grain Elevator Canada
(Oct. 18, 1913)

West side of foundation sank 24-ft


Stability Problem
Bearing Capacity Failure
• Chapter 6. Bearing Capacity Analysis

• How do we estimate the maximum bearing


pressure that the soil can withstand before failure
occurs?
Bearing Capacity Failures

Types/Modes of Failure
• general shear failure
• local shear failure
• punching shear failure
General Shear Failure
Punching Shear Failure
Model Tests by Vesic (1973)
General Guidelines

• Footings in clays - general shear


• Footings in Dense sands ( > 67%)D
r
-general shear
• Footings in Loose to Medium dense
(30%< D< 67%) - Local Shear
r
• Footings in Very Loose Sand ( < 30%)-D
r
punching shear
Bearing Capacity Formulas

qult  N c su   zD
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas

For Continuous foundations:


qult  cN c   zD N q  0.5 BN

For Square foundations:


qult  1.3cN c   zD N q  0.4 BN

For Circular foundations:


qult  1.3cN c   zD N q  0.3 BN
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Factors

a2
Nq 
2 cos (45    / 2)
2

a  exp (0.75    / 360) tan  

Nc  5.7 when    0
Nq 1
Nc  when    0
tan  
tan    K p 
N    1
2  cos   
2
Bearing Capacity Factors
Bearing Capacity Factors
Bearing Capacity Factors
Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Formulas

• DB
• No sliding between footing and soil
• soil: a homogeneous semi-infinite mass
• general shear failure
• footing is very rigid compared to soil
Further Developments

• Skempton (1951)
• Meyerhof (1953)
• Brinch Hanson (1961)
• De Beer and Ladanyi (1961)
• Meyerhof (1963)
• Brinch Hanson (1970)
• Vesic (1973, 1975)
Vesic (1973, 1975) Formulas

qult  cN c sc d c ic bc g c   zD N q sq d q iq bq g q  0.5 BN  s d  i b g 

Shape factors….… Eq. 6.14, 6.15 and 6.16


Depth Factors ……. Eq. 6.17, 6.18 and 6.19
Load Inclination Factors …. Eq. 6.20, 6.21 and 6.22
Base Inclinations factors .. Eq. 6.25 and 6.26
Ground Inclination Factors….Eq. 6.27 and 6.28
Bearing Capacity Factors …. Eq. 6.29, 6.30 and 6.31
Vesic Formula Shape Factors

 B  N q 
sc  1    
L
  c N
B
sq  1    tan  
L
B
s  1  0.4 
L
Vesic Formula Depth Factors

1 D
k  tan  
B
d c  1 0.4k
d q  1  2k tan  (1  sin  ) 2

d  1
Bearing Capacity of
Shallow Foundations

• 6.3 Groundwater Effects


• 6.4 Allowable Bearing Capacity
• 6.5 Selection of Soil Strength Parameters
• 6.6 Local & Punching Shear Cases
• 6.7 Bearing Capacity on Layered Soils
• 6.8 Accuracy of Bearing Capacity Analyses
• 6.9 Bearing Capacity Spreadsheet
Groundwater Table Effect
Groundwater Table Effect;
Case I

1. Modify ′zD
2. Calculate ′ as follows:

   b   w
Groundwater Table Effect;
Case II

1. No change in ′zD
2. Calculate ′ as follows:

  Dw  D  
      w 1    
  B 
Groundwater Table Effect;
Case III

1. No change in ′zD
2. No change in ′


Allowable Bearing Capacity

qult
qa 
F
 qa ….. Allowable Bearing Capacity
 F …. Factor of safety
Factor of Safety

Depends on:
 Type of soil
 Level of Uncertainty in Soil Strength
 Importance of structure and consequences of
failure
 Likelihood of design load occurrence
Minimum Factor of Safety
Selection of Soil Strength Parameters

 Use Saturated Strength Parameters


 Use Undrained Strength in clays (Su)
 Use Drained Strength in sands, c and  

 Intermediate soils that where partially drained


conditions exist, engineers have varying opinions;
Undrained Strength can be used but it will be
conservative!
Accuracy of Bearing Capacity Analysis

 In Clays …..Within 10% of true value (Bishop and


Bjerrum, 1960)
 Smaller footings in Sands…. Bearing capacity calculated
were too conservative – but conservatism did not affect
construction cost much
 Large footings in Sands … Bearing capacity estimates
were reasonable but design was controlled by settlement
Accuracy; Bearing Capacity Analysis
Example No. 1
A square footing is to be constructed as shown in
the figure. The groundwater table is at a depth of
50ft below the ground surface. Compute the
ultimate bearing capacity and the column load
required to produce a bearing capacity failure.

qult  1.3cN c   zD N q  0.4 BN


Example No. 2
A 30-m by 50-m mat foundation is to be built as
shown in the figure below. Compute the ultimate
bearing capacity
  D  D 
      w 1   w  
  B 

qult  cN c sc d c ic bc g c   zD N q sq d q iq bq g q  0.5 BN  s d  i b g 


Vesic Formula Shape Factors

 B  N q 
sc  1    
L
  c N

B
sq  1    tan  
L
B
s  1  0.4 
L
Vesic Formula Depth Factors

1D
k  tan  
B

d c  1 0.4k
d q  1  2k tan  (1  sin  ) 2

d  1
Example No. 3
A column has the following design vertical loads:
PD= 300k, PL= 140k, PW= 160k will be supported
on a spread footing located 3 ft below the ground
surface. The underlying soil has an undrained
shear strength of 2000 lb/ft2. The groundwater
table is at a depth of 4 ft.. Determine the
minimum required footing width to maintain a
factor of safety of 3 against bearing capacity
failure. (Assume the following load combinations:
1. PD; 2. PD+PL; 3. 0.75(PD+PL+ PW); 4.
0.75(PD+PW)

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