Scribd
Upload
126 views33 pages

Chap 8 Tech The Evolution of Human Society

The document discusses the evolution of human society and the role of technology in driving societal changes. It describes how societies transitioned from hunter-gatherers to agricultural to industrial, with each wave utilizing new technologies that displaced older societies. It also analyzes how technologies are classified and how they diffuse and are substituted over time, with countries increasingly specializing in different sectors like information technology. National development is measured by indicators like GDP, life expectancy, and the percentage of urban population that typically improve with technological advances.

Uploaded by

Mars Mandigma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views33 pages

Chap 8 Tech The Evolution of Human Society

The document discusses the evolution of human society and the role of technology in driving societal changes. It describes how societies transitioned from hunter-gatherers to agricultural to industrial, with each wave utilizing new technologies that displaced older societies. It also analyzes how technologies are classified and how they diffuse and are substituted over time, with countries increasingly specializing in different sectors like information technology. National development is measured by indicators like GDP, life expectancy, and the percentage of urban population that typically improve with technological advances.

Uploaded by

Mars Mandigma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

TECHNOLOGY

AND THE
EVOLUTION OF CHAPTER VIII
HUMAN
SOCIETY
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY

• CAUSED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT


TECHNOLOGIES.
TECHNOLOGY
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY
1. HUNTERS AND GATHERERS
• PRIMITIVE OF ALL THE SOCIETIES
• USED TOOLS SUCH AS WOOD, IVORY, BONE, AND
STONES.
2. SHIFTERS AND FARMERS
• TAME ANIMALS AND GROW CROPS
• BEGINNING OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
3. MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING
• LEARNED MINING USING METALLIC HAND TOOLS
• OPENED THE DOOR TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
4. FUTURE MAN-MADE WORLD
• USING TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCEMENT
• CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY
ACCORDING TO TOFFLER
• ALAN TOFFLER
• INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY BASED ON CONCEPT OF WAVES

• EACH WAVE PROPELS THE OLDER SOCIETIES AND


CULTURE ASIDES
1. FIRST WAVE
• REPLACED THE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS-
SOCIETY AFTER THE AGRARIA EVOLUTION
• USED SMALL SCALE TECHNOLOGIES WHICH CAME
INTO EXISTENCE THROUGH TRIAL AND ERROR
2. SECOND WAVE
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION UNTIL THE END OF WORLDS
WAR II
• TECHNOLOGIES USED WERE BASED ON;
•MASS PRODUCTION
•MASS CONSUMPTION
•MASS DISTRIBUTION
•WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY
ACCORDING TO PROCESS
1. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

• THIS INVOLVES PROCESSES THAT COULD CREATE OR


GENERATE, CONVERT OR DISTRIBUTE ENERGY WITH THE
MAIN PURPOSE OF YIELDING HIGH EFFICIENCY WITHOUT
CAUSING NEGATIVE EFFECTS TO HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENT.
• OIL, COAL, WATER, GEOTHERMAL, HYDROELECTRIC,
NUCLEAR FUSION, AND SOLAR ENERGY
2. EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY

• THIS INVOLVES THE DESIGN, FABRICATION AND


INVENTION OF INSTRUMENTS, TOOLS, GADGETS, AND
MACHINES.
• MOTOR, ENGINES, PLOW, MILLS, SPINNING WHEELS,
ROBOTS, FERMENTORS, LASER, AND COMPUTER-
CONTROLLED MACHINES
3. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• THIS IS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH TOOLS AND


GADGETS INCLUDING COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS TO MANAGE, PROCESS AND DISTRIBUTE
INFORMATION.
• TYPEWRITER, BOOKS, NEWSPAPER, TELEVISION,
TELEPHONE, CELLPHONE, RADIO, PRINTER, AND LASER
4. LIFE TECHNOLOGY
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY IS TO
MAKE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT.
• THESE BENEFIT HUMAN RACE IN TERMS OF HEALTH AND
FOOD SECURITY AND ARE PRIMARILY MADE FOR
PRESERVATION, MAINTENANCE, TREATMENT AND
REPRODUCTION OF LIVING THINGS.
• HERBAL MEDICINE, ANIMAL BREEDING, SURGERY, VACCINES,
ANTIBIOTICS, ORGAN TRANSPLANT, GENETIC ENGINEERING
5. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY

• THIS IS CONCERNED WITH EXTRACTION, FABRICATION


AND SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS SPECIFICALLY FOR THE
BENEFIT OF MANKIND.
• STEEL, PLASTICS, BRASS, IRON, COPPER, CERAMICS,
ALUMINUMS, POLYMERS, SYNTHESIS
TECHNOLOGIES KEEP ON CHANGING AND
THESE CHANGES ARE THROUGH:

1. SUBSTITUTION
• Happens when technologies that have been used for a long
time are replaced with a newer and better version resulting in
better performance.

Ex:

Video Home System (VHS) to Digital versatile Disc


Stereo type recorder to Cassette tape recorder
Cellphones to Smart phones
2. DIFFUSION

• HAPPENS WHEN TECHNOLOGIES ARE ADOPTED BY


INDIVIDUALS EVEN AFTER INNOVATIONS COME.
• MORE INDIVIDUAL ADOPTED THE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
= THE GREATER IS THE MEASURE OF DIFFUSION PROCESS
• ADOPTION INCREASES WHEN THE TECHNOLOGY IS JUST
WITHIN THE REACH OF THE INDIVIDUAL
NATURAL DEVELOPMENT
• COMBINED WITH:
•STANDARDIZATION
•CENTRALIZATION
•SYNCHRONIZATION
• TECHNOLOGIES IN THIS TIME HAD THEIR
FOUNDATIONS ON NEWTON'S PHYSICS, BIOLOGY,
AND CHEMISTRY.
COUNTRIES WHO HAVE STRONG FOUNDATION OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (SUNAMI ET AL., 2013)
• RUSSIA
• JAPAN
• BRAZIL
• CHINA
• INDIA
SEVEN OF THE TEN LARGEST ECONOMIES OF THE
WORLD BY 2020 WOULD BE IN THE FOLLOWING;
• ASIA
• CHINA
• JAPAN
• INDIA
• THAILAND
• INDONESIA
• SOUTH KOREA
• TAIWAN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS THE:
• MEDICAL DEVELOPMENT
• EDUCATION
• COMMUNICATION
• AGRICULTURE
• INDUSTRY
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INDICATORS
1. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

• THE TOTAL OR GROSS VALUE OF THE GOODS PRODUCED


DOMESTICALLY OR INSIDE A COUNTRY PLUS THE INCOME
EARNED AND/OR EXPENSES INCURRED BY THE RESIDENTS
OVER A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS ONE MEASURE OF A
COUNTRY'S ECONOMY.
2. PER CAPITA INCOME

• THE AVERAGE INCOME OF A PERSON IN A CERTAIN


LOCALITY OVER A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME. IT MEASURES
THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AS INDICATED BY WAGES, WHICH A
RESIDENT OF A COUNTRY ENJOYS.
3. INCOME DISTRIBUTION

• DETERMINES HOW AN INCOME IS DISTRIBUTED AMONG


THE RESIDENTS OF THE COUNTRY. UNEVEN
DISTRIBUTION, SUCH AS WHEN THE RICH ARE
CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THE POOR, OR THERE ARE
MORE POOR THAN RICH PEOPLE, IS NOT GOOD FOR A
COUNTRY.
4. GROWTH RATE OF GROSS NATIONAL
PRODUCT (GNP)

• TOTAL, OR GROSS VALUE OF A COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC


ACTIVITY FROM BOTH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN SOURCES.
GNP IS GENERALLY ALWAYS LARGER THAN GDP BECAUSE
GNP INVOLVES INCOME REMITTED BY OVERSEAS
WORKERS.
5. PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYMENT

• NUMBER OF EMPLOYED OVER TOTAL EMPLOYABLE


POPULATION. PEOPLE AGE 18 AND ABOVE ARE
GENERALLY CONSIDERED OF EMPLOYABLE AGE. THE
LARGER THE PERCENTAGE THE BETTER FOR A COUNTRY'S
ECONOMY.
6. STRUCTURE OF LABOR FORCE

• LABOR FORCE IS THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL MEN AND


WOMEN WHO ARE OF EMPLOYABLE AGE AND WHO ARE
READY AND WILLING TO WORK. AS A MEASURE OF THE
COUNTRY'S ECONOMY, THE STRUCTURE OF LABOR FORCE
IS DIRECTLY DEPENDENT UPON THE DEMAND AND
AVAILABILITY OF WORK.
7. HUMAN LIFE EXPECTANCY

• REFERS TO HOW LONG, MEASURED IN YEARS, A PERSON OR A


GROUP OF PERSONS ARE EXPECTED TO LIVE. LIFE EXPECTANCY
IN MOST COUNTRIES NOWADAYS TEND TO INCREASE BECAUSE
OF MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES. FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE
PAST, THE NORMAL LIFE EXPECTANCY AMONG FILIPINOS IS
ABOUT 60 YEARS. NOW, IT IS MORE OR LESS 65, MEANING
MEDICINES HAVE BECOME MORE AFFORDABLE TO MANY.
8. PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION

• THERE ARE 2 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION : RURAL OR


THOSE BASICALLY DEPENDENT ON AGRICULTURE FOR THEIR SOURCE
OF INCOME, AND URBAN OR THOSE WHO DEPEND ON OTHER SOURCES
OF LIVELIHOOD SUCH AS SERVICES AND BUSINESSES. THOSE WHO LIVE
IN CITIES ARE URBAN AND THOSE WHO LIVE IN BARRIOS ARE RURAL. IT
MAY BE SAID THAT THE HIGHER THE PERCENTAGE OF URBAN
POPULATION, THE BETTER FOR THE ECONOMY OF ANY GIVEN COUNTRY
BECAUSE URBANIZATION IS SYNONYMOUS WITH PROGRESS.

You might also like