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Intellectual Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, whereby the Sun is at the center of the universe with Earth and the other planets revolving around it. This was a significant departure from the geocentric Ptolemic model that had been accepted for over 1,000 years. While Copernicus' model was not completely accurate, as it assumed circular orbits when the planets actually follow elliptical paths, it helped start both the Copernican Revolution and the Scientific Revolution by challenging the status quo and promoting a spirit of scientific inquiry. Copernicus hesitated to publish his theory for decades due to its radical implications, though it did not directly contradict Catholic doctrine.

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31 views

Intellectual Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, whereby the Sun is at the center of the universe with Earth and the other planets revolving around it. This was a significant departure from the geocentric Ptolemic model that had been accepted for over 1,000 years. While Copernicus' model was not completely accurate, as it assumed circular orbits when the planets actually follow elliptical paths, it helped start both the Copernican Revolution and the Scientific Revolution by challenging the status quo and promoting a spirit of scientific inquiry. Copernicus hesitated to publish his theory for decades due to its radical implications, though it did not directly contradict Catholic doctrine.

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Shaznay Rafael
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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•INTELLECTUAL SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION

Through the ingenuity of Prof. Erlito V. Ebia


Nicolaus Copernicus was a Charles Darwin is known as Sigmund Freud (1856-
Polish astronomer and the proponent of the 1939) was the founder of
mathematician known as theory of evolution by psychoanalysis, a theory
the father of modern natural selection. His book of how the mind works
astronomy. was titled “On the Origin of and a method of helping
He proposed that the Sun is Species.” It was published people in mental distress.
the center of the universe. in 1859.
Learning Objectives:

1 2 3
Identify the famous Evaluate the changes Recognize the effects
European intellectuals that happened in the of the Intellectual
that altered the face of world of science and Scientific Revolution in
science and technology technology during the Europe and in other
in the world during the scientific revolution. places in the world.
scientific revolution.
The Scientific
Revolution was a
What is the drastic change in
scientific scientific thinking
revolution? that happened
around the 16th
and 17th centuries.
A new view of nature
occurred during the It was an era
Scientific Revolution when
substituting the Greek developments in
mathematics, It was an era that
view that had ruled
astronomy, reeducated
science for almost 2,000
psychology, common sense in
years. For example, physics, biology, favor of abstract
Ptolemy-Aristotle’s and chemistry reasoning.
geocentric model of the altered the views
universe and the of society about
Christian view of nature.
creation.
Nicolaus Copernicus Born:
February 19, 1473, Toruń, Poland Isaac Newton Born: January 4,
1643, Woolsthorpe Manor House,
Died: May 24, 1543, Frombork, United Kingdom
Poland
Died: March 31, 1727,
Kensington, London, United
Tycho Brahe Born: December 14, Kingdom
1546, Denmark
Died: October 24, 1601 (aged 54) Charles Robert Darwin Born:
Who were the Prague February 12, 1809, The Mount
proponents of House, Shrewsbury, United
Kingdom
this intellectual Galileo Galilee Born: February 15,
1564, Pisa, Italy Died: April 19, 1882, Home of
scientific Died: January 8, 1642, Arcetri,
Charles Darwin - Down House,
Downe, United Kingdom
revolution? Italy

Sigmund Freud Born: May 6,


Johannes Kepler Born: December 1856, Příbor, Czechia
27, 1571, Weil der Stadt,
Germany Died: September 23, 1939,
Hampstead, London, United
Died: November 15, 1630, Kingdom
Regensburg, Germany
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance sage, great mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, but he
was not a priest, who framed a model of the universe that placed the Sun as the center of the universe,
instead of the Earth.

Likely, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek
astronomer who had formulated the same model some eighteen centuries earlier.

The publication of Copernicus's model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions
of the Celestial Spheres) was a major event in the history of science, starting the Copernican Revolution and
making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. It was published just before his death in
1543.
What was the famous theory introduced by Copernicus?

Nicolaus Copernicus was known as the father of modern


astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to
propose that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun or
the Heliocentric Theory of the universe.
What was Copernicus’s heliocentric
theory?

Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer


who proposed a heliocentric system, that
the planets orbit around the Sun; that
Earth is a planet which, besides orbiting
the Sun annually, also turns once daily on
its own axis; and that very slow changes in
the direction of this axis account for the
precession of the equinoxes.
Is the Copernican theory, correct?

From his observations, Copernicus concluded that


every planet, including Earth, revolved around the Sun.
… Copernicus did not have the tools to prove his
theories. By the 1600s, astronomers such as Galileo
would develop the physics that would prove he was
correct. Copernicus died on May 24, 1543.
What was wrong with the
Copernican model?
Copernican model is not completely correct

In fact, the orbits of the planets are ellipses,


not circles. Therefore, the Copernican
model, with its assumption of uniform
circular motion, still could not explain all the
details of planetary motion on the celestial
sphere without epicycles.
Copernicus held that the
Earth is another planet
revolving around the fixed
Sun once a year and
turning on its axis once a
day. But while Copernicus
put the Sun at the center
of the celestial spheres, he
did not put it at the exact
center of the universe, but
near it.
Who proved Copernicus’s
theory?

The name of 16th-century Polish


astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
became a household word
because he proposed that the
Earth revolves around the sun. But
the man who finally gathered
scientific proof of that theory was
English astronomer James Bradley,
born in 1693.
The Copernican Revolution
transformed European
society by showing that long-
held beliefs could be
How does the Copernican inaccurate. It promoted
revolution transform society? curiosity and scientific
inquiry. This had the effect of
weakening the influence of
religious and political
institutions.
Copernicus was widely credited
with having a major influence on
the scientific revolution, which
placed scientific inquiry first
How did Copernicus impact before all other presuppositions.
society? Copernicus helped to trigger the
belief system that would
embrace rational thought and
inquiry before belief systems and
zealous hope.
Copernicus had hesitated for years
to publish his theory, not because
he feared he had contradicted
Catholic dogma (though De
Revolutionibus was on the
Why did Copernicus not publish his
Vatican’s Index of Forbidden Works
theory in 1541?
from 1616 until 1835), but rather
because he thought, even after
working on it for three decades,
that his theory was still a radical
doctrine.
References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolaus-
Copernicus

https://www.faqsclear.com/how-did-copernicus-come-
up-with-his-theory/

McNamara, D.J. et. al. (2018). Science, Technology, and


Society. QC Philippines: C & E Publishing, INC.

Prieto G. N. et. al. (2019). Science, Technology, and


Society. QC Philippines: Lorimar Publishing.

Serapica, J.P.J. et. al. (2018). Science, Technology, and


Society. Manila Philippines: Rex Bookstore.

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