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EBP107 - Module 4.1-Week 7

This document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research studies. It defines key sampling terms like target population, accessible population, random sampling, and sampling bias. The main sampling methods described are probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified random sampling. Cluster sampling is also discussed. Non-probability sampling techniques include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling. The document provides examples of how different sampling methods would work and recommends sources to read more about research sampling.

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63 views8 pages

EBP107 - Module 4.1-Week 7

This document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research studies. It defines key sampling terms like target population, accessible population, random sampling, and sampling bias. The main sampling methods described are probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified random sampling. Cluster sampling is also discussed. Non-probability sampling techniques include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling. The document provides examples of how different sampling methods would work and recommends sources to read more about research sampling.

Uploaded by

Sheralyn Howden
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EBP107

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE


Week 7
Module 4.1
Sampling
Sampling
❑ Process of choosing sample which is a subset of a population.

❑ Populations can include human and non-human subjects -


eg people, places, objects, animals, days or any other unit of
interest
Participant Recruitment Process
1. Participant access: eg through advertisements, newspapers, mailings,
telephone listings, membership databases, health clubs, schools, day care
centres etc
2. Sampling: Sample initially comprises subjects who agree to participate. These
subjects are subsequently assessed for eligibility.
3. Enrolment: Subjects assessed against defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
4. Allocation: Subjects assigned to treatment groups.
Sampling (cont...)
Some more definitions:
▪ Target population – the larger population to which results of a study will be generalized
▪ Accessible population – The actual population of subjects available to be chosen for a study.
Usually a non-random subset of the target population
▪ Random sampling – Method of selecting subjects for a sample , where every subject in the
population has an equal chance of being chosen
▪ Sampling bias – Bias that occurs when individuals who are selected for a sample over-represent
or under-represent the underlying population characteristics
▪ Sampling error – The difference between an observed statistic from a sample (eg average age)
and the population parameter
Sampling and Allocation Methods
Probability – “equal chance of being chosen” (Random Sampling or Allocation)
Simple Random
▪ Unbiased random sampling or allocation procedure from an available list of possible
participants

Systematic
▪ When every nth person on the list is chosen. Method: divide list of possible participants by
the number to be selected to arrive at the sampling interval ie if require 100 students from a
student population of 1000, you choose every 10th student on the list (ie 1000/100=10)
Sampling Methods
Stratified Random
▪ Involves identifying relevant population characteristics and separating the population
into homogenous, non-overlapping subsets or strata based on those characteristics.
Cluster (multistage or block) Sampling or allocation
▪ Strategy for linking members of the population into some already established grouping that can be
sampled. Useful for larger dispersed populations. Eg If wanted to sample a list of heart disease
hospital patients in Australia, could randomly choose 2 states, then randomly choose 5 hospitals in
each state, then randomly choose 10 patients from each hospital.
Sampling Methods
Non-Probability (Non-random sampling)
▪ Convenience, Incidental or Accidental – subjects chosen on the basis of availability
▪ Quota – incorporates elements of stratification after subjects selected in a non-
random method
▪ Purposive – subjects handpicked on the basis of specific criteria. Primarily used in
qualitative research
▪ Snowball – process of “chain referral” or “snowballing” – used in rare, unevenly
distributed, hidden or hard to reach populations
Reading Guide
❑ Kane, M. (2004) Research Made Easy in Complementary &
Alternative Medicine, Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh.

❑ Polgar, S. & Thomas, S. A. (2008) Introduction to Research in


the Health Sciences (5th ed.). Elsevier: Edinburgh.

❑ Portney, L. G. & Watkins, M. (2009) Foundations of Clinical


Research, Applications to Practice (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice
Hall: New Jersey.

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