DAMBI DOLLO UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course: Machine Drawing

Meng 3101
Lecture: 2
By Keno T.
May 8, 2023
Dambi Dollo, Ethiopia
 PART DRAWING
 Drawings of the individual parts are called part drawing
or detail drawings.
 A detail drawing is a drawing of an individual part, which includes an
orthographic projection and dimensions.
 Component or part drawing is a detailed drawing of a component to
facilitate its manufacture.
 A part drawing shows the number of views of each single part of a
machine to facilitate its manufacturing. It should give all the
dimensions, limits, tolerances and special finishing; if any.

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING
 An assembly working-drawing indicates how the
individual parts of a machine or mechanism are
assembled to make a complete unit.
 An assembly working-drawing serves the following
purposes:
o It describes the shape of the assembled unit.
o it indicates how the parts of the assembled unit are
positioned in relation to each other.
o It identifies each component that forms part of the
assembled unit.
o It provides a parts list that describes and lists essential
data concerning each part of the assembled unit.

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DRAWING ORDER
➢ Drawings included in a working drawing
package should be presented in the
following order.
→ Assembly drawing (first sheet)
→ Part Number 1
→ Part Number 2
→ ....
→ Standard parts sheet (last sheet)

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING

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 ASSEMBLY DRAWING
 The parts list of an assembly working-drawing itemizes
important data about each part of an assembled unit such as
part name, material, quantity required, and size
specifications.
 It is preferable that the dimension of the parts of the
machine are not shown as they would crowd the
drawing.

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 SECTIONED PARTS ON
ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
 The section lines on sectioned adjacent parts of assembly
working-drawings should vary in order to make the shapes
of the sectioned parts more apparent.
 Different types of section lines as well as different spacing
and different angles of inclination are recommended for this
purpose.
 As a general rule solid parts that do not have interior
features, such as shafts, rivets, pins, keys, and threaded
fasteners, remain un-sectioned on assembly working-
drawings.

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FILL IN THE SECTION HATCH IS THE
LARGEST AREA.

45o
FILL IN THE SECTION HATCH IS THE
LARGEST AREA.

-45o
SECTIONED PARTS ON ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS
IDENTIFICATION
 Every part on an assembly working-drawing must be
identified by means of a part number. Each part number is
lettered within a parts identification balloon that has a
leader that ends at or on the part identified.
 Hints Regarding Parts Balloons and leaders
 Group balloons in straight lines, clockwise and in sequence, if possible,
around the view or views.
 Place balloons at a reasonable distance from the views. A minimum distance
of 25 mm is recommended.
 Use straight leaders when possible. Bend a leader when it is necessary to
maintain clarity.

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS
IDENTIFICATION
 Draw leaders at varying angles. Avoid vertical and
horizontal leaders.
 Place parts balloons adjacent to parts being identified in
order to avoid extra-long leaders and the need to pass over
too many other parts.
 Leaders that pass over sectioned parts should be drawn so
they do not become confused with the section lines.
 Avoid drawing leaders through the corners of parts.

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS IDENTIFICATION

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS IDENTIFICATION

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS IDENTIFICATION

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 ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS
IDENTIFICATION

• A dot is used when a leader is

• An arrowhead is used when a
drawn onto a surface of a part
leader terminates at a line that
across a line that represents the
represents the edge of a part.
edge of the part.

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 ASSEMBLY DRAWING - PARTS
IDENTIFICATION
 Leaders can be bent to maintain clarity.
 Keep bends to a minimum

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 POINTS TO REMEMBER
 As a general rule, assembly working-drawings are not dimensioned.
 Hidden lines that do not add to the clarity of an assembly working-
drawing should be omitted.
 Do not position parts identification balloons haphazardly. Try to group
them in straight lines around the views, preferably clockwise and in
sequence.
 Parts leaders should be drawn at an angle.
 Adjacent parts that are sectioned should have different types of section
lines, should have section lines drawn at different angles, or should be
spaced differently in order to make them readily apparent.

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 POINTS TO REMEMBER
 On assembly working-drawings shafts, rivets, keys, screw-thread
fasteners, and other solid parts are not usually sectioned.
 When necessary, reference information is shown on assembly working
drawings in the form of notes and dimensions.

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 SUB-ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

 Many assemblies such as an automobile, lathe, etc., are assembled with

many pre-assembled components as well as individual parts. These pre-
assembled units are known as sub-assemblies.
 A sub-assembly drawing is an assembly drawing of a group of related
parts, that form a part in a more complicated machine.
 Examples of such drawings are: lathe tail-stock, diesel engine fuel
pump, carburetor, etc.

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CATALOGUE DRAWINGS

 Special assembly drawings are prepared for company catalogues.

 These drawings show only the pertinent details and dimensions that
would interest the potential buyer.

Schematic Drawings
 A schematic drawing is the simplified illustration of a machine or
system, replacing all the elements by their respective conventional
representations, to understand the principle of operation.

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SHOP DRAWINGS
 Shop Drawing— A shop drawing includes the part drawing,
subassembly and the complete assembly of a product for manufacturing.

Patent Drawings
 A patent drawing gives the correct and complete features of a new
technology or innovation adopted for a machine or system.
 The drawings are pictorial in nature and self — explanatory but not
useful for production purposes.

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Dimensioning
Standards
 RULES AND
PRACTICES
 Accurate dimensioning is one of the most demanding
undertakings when designing parts.

 Use the checklist to insure you have followed the

basic dimensioning rules.

 Keep in mind there may be a case where the need to

break a standard could occur to give clarity to the
part and manufacturer.
 LINEAR DIMENSIONS ARE COMPRISED OF
FOUR COMPONENTS:

Dimension Text Dimension Lines

Arrow Heads

Extension
Lines
 DIMENSION LINES
A dimension line is a thin line that shows where a measurement
begins and where it ends. It also used to show the size of an
angle.
Horizontal
Aligned to a slanted
surfaced

Vertical

When stacked, they

are 10mm (.4”) from
the view and
6mm(.25”) apart.
 ARROWHEADS
(DIMENSION LINE TERMINATOR)
ARROWHEADS ARE TYPICAL DIMENSION LINE TERMINATORS.
THERE ARE OTHER ACCEPTABLE DIMENSION LINE TERMINATORS.

Arrowheads point directly

to the object that is being
dimensioned or the
extension lines at the end
of the dimension.
Arrowheads are made
three times as long as
they are wide.

Dot
Oblique or architectural ticks
used in architectural drawings Datum
LEADERS
 A leader is a thin, solid line directing attention to a note or
dimension. A leader starts with an arrow or dot:
 Use an arrow when the leader can point to a specific line in the
drawing such as the edge of a surface.
 Use a dot when the leader is locating a feature within the outline of
the part.
DIMENSION TEXT
If the dimension text will not fit between the
extension lines, it may be placed outside
them.

Dimension text is
placed in the
middle of the line
both horizontally
and vertically.
DIMENSIONING METHODS
 Dimensions are represented on a drawing using one
of two systems, unidirectional or aligned.
 The unidirectional method means all dimensions
are read in the same direction.
 The aligned method means the dimensions are read
in alignment with the dimension lines or side of the
part, some read horizontally and others read
vertically.
METHODS OF INDICATING DIMENSIONS
UNIDIRECTIONAL VS. ALIGNED

Aligned dimensions are placed

Unidirectional so the horizontal dimensions can
dimensions are placed be read from the bottom of the
so they can be read from drawing sheet and the vertical
the bottom of the dimensions can be read from the
drawing sheet. This right side of the drawing sheet.
method is commonly This method is commonly used in
used in mechanical architectural and structural
drafting. drafting.
TYPES OF DIMENSIONS
 There are two classifications of dimensions: size
and location.

 Size Dimensions are dimensions which indicates

the overall size of the object and the various
features which make up the object.
 Location dimensions are used to locate various
features of an object from some specified datum or
surface.
 DIMENSIONING
RULES
 Each dimension should be written clearly with only one way to be interpreted.
 A feature should be dimensioned only once.
 Dimension and extension lines should not cross.
 Each feature should be dimensioned.
 Dimension features or surfaces should be done to a logical reference point.
 CONT…D
Dimension circles should have diameters and
arcs with a radius.
A center line should be extended and used as
an extension line.
Dimension features on a view should clearly
show its true shape.
Enough space should be provided to avoid
crowding and misinterpretation.
DIMENSIONING
RULES
Extension lines and object lines should
not overlap.
Dimensions should be placed outside
the part.
Center lines or marks should be used on
all circles and holes.
DIMENSIONING EXAMPLE
DIMENSIONING
SYMBOLS
 DIMENSIONING
ANGLES
Angled surface may be dimensioned using
coordinate method to specify the two
location distances of the angle.
Angled surfaces may also be dimensioned
using the angular method by specifying one
location distance and the angle.
DIMENSIONING
ANGLES
Coordinate Method Angular Method
FILLETS AND ROUNDS
Large arcs use center marks.

Use a capital “R” for

dimensioning the arc.

Small arcs do not need

center marks. Arrow can
be outside the arc.
SLOT
DIMENSIONING
The two methods
shown on the left
are the acceptable
methods for
dimensioning slotted
holes.