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Lecture 5 Capter 11 (Refrigeration Cycle)

This document discusses innovative vapor-compression refrigeration systems. It covers cascade refrigeration systems which use multiple stages of refrigeration to handle large temperature ranges. Multistage compression refrigeration systems use multiple compressors or a flash chamber to improve efficiency. Multipurpose systems use a single compressor for refrigeration at multiple temperatures. The document also discusses liquefying gases through processes like the Linde-Hampson system for applications such as rocket fuel production.

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80 views

Lecture 5 Capter 11 (Refrigeration Cycle)

This document discusses innovative vapor-compression refrigeration systems. It covers cascade refrigeration systems which use multiple stages of refrigeration to handle large temperature ranges. Multistage compression refrigeration systems use multiple compressors or a flash chamber to improve efficiency. Multipurpose systems use a single compressor for refrigeration at multiple temperatures. The document also discusses liquefying gases through processes like the Linde-Hampson system for applications such as rocket fuel production.

Uploaded by

Yato Senkai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-232 Thermodynamics

ME-232 (Thermodynamics-2)

Chapter 11
Refrigeration Cycles

Lecture # 5

Dr. Muhammad Asif

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK


www.giki.edu.pk
INNOVATIVE VAPOR-COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
• The simple vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is the most widely
used refrigeration cycle, and it is adequate for most refrigeration
applications.
• The ordinary vapor-compression refrigeration systems are simple,
inexpensive, reliable, and practically maintenance-free.
• However, for large industrial applications efficiency, not simplicity,
is the major concern.
• Also, for some applications the simple vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle is inadequate and needs to be modified.
• For moderately and very low temperature applications some
innovative refrigeration systems are used. The following cycles will be
discussed:
• Cascade refrigeration systems
• Multistage compression refrigeration systems
• Multipurpose refrigeration systems with a single compressor
• Liquefaction of gases
Cascade Refrigeration Systems
Some industrial applications require moderately low temperatures, and the
temperature range they involve may be too large for a single vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle to be practical. The solution is cascading.

Cascading
improves the
COP of a
refrigeration
system.
Some systems
use three or
four stages of
cascading.

CO2= -78.4℃
A two-stage cascade refrigeration system
with the same refrigerant in both stages. NH3 = -33.3 ℃
Multistage When the fluid used throughout the cascade
Compression refrigeration system is the same, the heat
Refrigeration Systems exchanger between the stages can be replaced
by a mixing chamber (called a flash chamber)
since it has better heat transfer characteristics.

Mixing
Chamber

A two-stage compression refrigeration


system with a flash chamber.
Multipurpose Refrigeration Systems with a Single
Compressor
Some applications require refrigeration at more than one temperature. A
practical and economical approach is to route all the exit streams from the
evaporators to a single compressor and let it handle the compression process
for the entire system.

Schematic and T-s diagram for a refrigerator–freezer unit with one compressor.
Liquefaction of Gases
Many important scientific and engineering processes at cryogenic temperatures (below about -100°C)
depend on liquefied gases including the

 Separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air,

 Preparation of liquid propellants for rockets,

 Study of material properties at low temperatures, and the study of superconductivity.

At temperatures above the critical-point value, a substance exists in the


gas phase only.

Substance Tc (℃) Pc (atm)

O2 -118.6 49.7

CO2 31.3 73

H2O vapors 374.6 217

NH3 132.6 111.5


Liquefaction of Gases

Linde-Hampson system
for liquefying gases.

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