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Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

The document discusses solid and hazardous waste, including its various sources and types. It covers classification of waste as domestic, industrial, agricultural, and more. Improper waste management can negatively impact health, the environment and economy. The main methods of waste management discussed are reduce, reuse, recycle and proper disposal through landfilling, incineration, composting and more. Generation of waste in India is increasing annually and poses challenges if not managed sustainably.

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131 views38 pages

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

The document discusses solid and hazardous waste, including its various sources and types. It covers classification of waste as domestic, industrial, agricultural, and more. Improper waste management can negatively impact health, the environment and economy. The main methods of waste management discussed are reduce, reuse, recycle and proper disposal through landfilling, incineration, composting and more. Generation of waste in India is increasing annually and poses challenges if not managed sustainably.

Uploaded by

fqwjbfdjkw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solid and Hazardous

Waste
Content:
• Introduction
• Classification
• Sources
• Health effects
• Waste management
(Reduce, reuse recycle)
• Disposal of waste
What Are Waste ?
•“ Substances or objects which are disposed of or
are intended to be disposed of or are required to
be disposed of by the provisions of the law”.

SOLIS WASTE:
 It is defined as

“ non liquid, non-soluble materials


ranging from municipal garbage to industrial
wastes that contain complex & sometimes
hazardous substances”
Solid Waste
Classificatio
n
• Domestic waste
• Industrial waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste,
household waste etc.
• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like
computer, TV, music systems etc.
• Liquid waste- water used for different
industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal
power plants
• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear
power plants.
• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps


etc.
• Bio-medical waste- Bio-medical
waste means any waste, which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or
in research activities.
Solid waste composition
Bio-degradable :-
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable :-
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, containers and others)
SOURCES OF
WASTE

HOUSEHOLDS

COMMERCE
AND
INDUSTRY
SOURCES OF
WASTE

Agriculture

Fisheries
Solid Waste in
India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste

• One Sq. km of additional landfill area every-year

• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes

• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million


tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest


Growth of Solid Waste In
India
• Waste is growing every year

• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2


million to 12.3 million

• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown


from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%

• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per


annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi


Projections on Waste Generation In India
EFFECT OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY
• Effects our health

• Affects our socio-economics condition

• Affects our costal and marine environment

• Affects our climate


Waste Collection in
India
Primarily by the city municipality :-

-No gradation of waste product e.g. - bio-


degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds
etc.
- Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts
Waste Collection in India
•Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) :-
- Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
- Collecting glass bottles
- Collecting paper for recycling.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Managing Waste

Recycling
Benefits :

- Reduce environmental degradation


- Making money out of waste
- Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture
Managing
Waste
• Reduce Waste :-

• Reduce office paper waste

• Improve product design to use


less materials.
Reduce Waste :-
Managing Waste
Reuse :-

• Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as


interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper.

• Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins,


dishes, cups, and glasses.

• Use incoming packaging materials for


outgoing shipments.

• Encourage employees to reuse office


materials rather than purchase new ones.
Managing Waste
Donate/Exchange :-

• old books

• old clothes

• old computers

• excess building materials

• old equipment to local


organizations
Recycling not a solution to all problems !

• Recycling is not a solution to managing


every kind of waste material

• For many items recycling technologies are


unavailable or unsafe

• In some cases, cost of recycling is too high…


Solution : More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered waste

• Waste of one could be input or raw material for


others.
Solid Waste Disposal
• Industrialized countries have waste
management problems

• Developed countries have strict


environment regulation norms

• Most attractive option for them-


to dump into developing
countries
Disposal Means :

“Any operation which may lead to


resource recovery, recycling,
reclamation, direct re-use or
alternative uses.”
Disposal of solid wastes

 Dumping
 Sanitary land filling
 Incineration
 Composting
 Manure pits
1. Dumping

• Low lying areas.


• Mainly for dry refuses
• Unsanitary method
• Exposed to flies and rodents

• Nuisance

• Dispersed by wind

• pollution of surface water


2. Sanitary landfill:

• Satisfactory method
• Material placed in a trench
• Compacted with earth at the end of the
working day.
• Methods for Landfills….
• a. Trench method
• b. Ramp method
• c. Area method
3. Incineration:

• it is a disposal method in which solid organic


wastes are subjected to combustion so as to
convert them into residue and gaseous products.
4. COMPOSTING :

• Method of combined disposal of refuse and


night soil/ sludge
• Principal by products are: CO2 , Water and
heat
• End product- compost
• Methods
• Hot Fermentation/ Anaerobic
• Mechanical composting
• Vermicomposting
5.Manure pits :

• Mostly used in rural areas


• Digging “manure pits” is to prevent the
refuses thrown around the houses.
• The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves
should be dumped into the manure pits and
covered with earth.
Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

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