Welcome

to
English Class
Review

Activity: What Went Wrong?

Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the words or phrases that make
the sentence not parallel. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. We had passed by the church, the park, and to the market before we reached
home.
a. We had passed b. the park c. to the market d. reached home

2. For Carlo to change his email settings, he needs to log in, to choose "settings",
and clicked on "preferences."
a. to change b. to log in c. to choose d. clicked
 
3. Susan likes to spend time with her son by participating in his activities like
riding bikes, play video games, and watching his favorite movies.
a. Participating b. riding bikes c. play video games d. watching
 
4. The children at the summer camp spent their days, horseback riding, boat
ride, and learning wilderness survival skills.
a. at the summer camp b. horseback riding c. boat ride d. learning
 
5. Before Shena left the house, she made sure that she had washed the dishes,
disposing the trash, and locked the door.
a. Before Shena leftb. washed c. disposing d. locked the door
Activity: Jumbled
Signals
Directions: Complete the
sentences below by arranging the
jumbled letters. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
 Jumbled Signals

esteh 01 These are some of the ways to stay fit and healthy

edu ot 02 Environmental problems exist due irresponsible

to man-made activities.

Covid-19 is now a global health threat; , there are ways to prevent the virus
however
ovewreh 03 from further spreading.

A healthy diet reduces the risk of diseases and physical fitness.

promotes
dan 04
Our youth organization is looking for enthusiastic environmental
onij own 05 advocates. What are you waiting for? Join now and be one of us!
 Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

a. Identify the different patterns of idea development;

b. Distinguish appropriate grammatical signals to each
pattern of idea development; and
c. Write paragraphs using different patterns of idea
development.
 What is Idea Development?

Idea Development is essential in writing. This is done by organizing

ideas in a logical and clear manner that suits the writer's purpose. To
achieve this, it is necessary to use appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions.

Grammatical signals/expressions- are writing devices such as

transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and repetitions that are
used to maintain text coherence. Coherence establishes a logical
connection between idea in sentences and paragraphs. These ideas
can be developed through different patterns depending on the writer's
purpose.
 What is Pattern of idea development?

Pattern of idea development-refers to the structure of writing

on how the ideas are being presented.

These are the Five of the commonly used patterns of idea

development:
 general to particular
 cause and effect
 claim-counterclaim
 problem-solution
1. General to Particular
This pattern of idea development discusses the general topic by
presenting specific details that support the topic. The writer starts with
the general idea stated in the topic sentence. Then, it is elaborated and
explained through specific details and examples. In other words,
general to particular pattern is a deductive method of organization.
Example:
• Teacher Arlene is a teacher.
• Teacher Arlene is an English teacher at Naguilan National
Higschool.
1. General to Particular
Example:
Clouds can be classified into three major groups. High clouds are a group
of clouds that are 5-13 km. away from the Earth’s surface. Examples of
these clouds are known as Cirrus, Cirrostratus, and Cirrocumulus. Middle
clouds are another group of clouds that are 2-7 km. away from the Earth’s
surface. Examples of middle clouds are Altocumulus and Altostratus. Low
clouds are the last group of clouds. They are 2 km. away from the Earth’s
surface. Specifically, these clouds are the Stratus, Stratocumulus, and
Nimbostratus. With these being said, these clouds are grouped according
to their distance from the Earth’s surface.
1. General to Particular

These are the other grammatical signals that can be used for
general to particular a pattern of idea development:

Signal words Examples

For GENERAL generally, primarily, largely, in general
statements
For MAJOR details first, second, third, another, furthermore, on
the other hand, moreover, in addition, next
For PARTICULAR for instance, for example, to illustrate, to be
ideas specific, specifically, particularly, such as, like
1. General to Particular
Additional example:
 
1. Mario likes reading books during morning.
2. Ana likes reading fairytale stories like Cinderalla, Snow
White, and Rapunzel.
3. Philippines is considered a tourist destination.
4. Philippines is considered a tourist destination because of its
stunning views, warm beaches, and hospitable locals.
 ACTIVITY
Please get 1/2 sheet of paper (crosswise) and answer the following.
You’ll given three minutes to answer.
 
Directions: To develop the following statements, identify the
grammatical signals used in every sentence. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
 
1. As an example, researchers can evaluate language used within a
news article to search for bias or partiality.
2. The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes
shareware freely available.
3. Thomas Edison is best known for inventing the light bulb,
but he also invented the phonograph.
4. People who buy organic food, for instance, are not doing
it simply because they have more money.
5.I am glad that we decided to go away for the weekend. On
the other hand, it would have been nice to get some things
done at home.
 INDIVIDUAL
ACTIVITY
  Direction: Write an essay about
the issue conveyed in the picture
using the general to particular
pattern of idea development with
its appropriate grammatical
signals.
ASSIGNMENT

 
Direction: Think of a social issue that is happening on your
community. Then, write at least five-sentence paragraph about
your chosen issue using the general to particular pattern of idea
development. Make sure to use appropriate grammatical
signals.
 02
CAUSE-AND
EFFECT
Recap of
General to
Previous
Particular
Lesson
 Activity:

Colored Tags
Together.
 Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

a. Discuss the cause-and-effect pattern of idea development;

b. Identify the cause-and-effect pattern of idea development in

a text; and

c. Construct a sentence using cause and effect.

2. CAUSE AND EFFECT
Cause is the reason something happened. It answers
the question “why?”

Effect is the result of what happened. It answer the

question “what?”
Example:
• Anne studied well for the exam and as a result she got
a perfect score.
• Anne got a perfect score in the examination because
he study well before the exam day.
Cause and Effect
cause and effect

These are the other grammatical signals that can be used for
cause and effect a pattern of idea development:
Signal Words Examples
For expressing if, for, since, due to, because, owing to,
CAUSES because of, one cause, and resulting
from
For expressing so, thus, hence, then, therefore, as a
EFFECTS result, in effect, as consequence,
consequently, leads to, one of the
effects is, and that is why
Cause and effect

Example:

 The boys argued because of the broken toy.

 I walked home because the bus was late.
 Due to the heavy traffic a bunch of cars were
stranded at the middle of the road.
 Smoking can lead to lung cancer.
 He was busy, therefore he could not come.
Example:
Regular exercise brings many benefits to your health. First, it
improves blood circulation and can result to a strong heart.
Because of these, it reduces the risk of heart disease, high
cholesterol, and diabetes. When you exercise, your bones
and muscles will be strengthened which can slow down the
loss of bone density that comes when you age. As a result, it
can help you maintain or increase your muscle mass and
strength. Also, regular exercise improves your mental health
and mood. During an exercise, your body releases chemicals
that can improve your mood and make you feel more relaxed.
As an effect, it can help you deal with stress and reduce your
risk of depression. These are the benefits that you get when
you exercise.
ACTIVITY:
Cause and Effect
Match
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

Direction: Write the cause and effect for each sentence

1. After the dog bit her, we had to take her to the hospital.
Cause:
Effect:

2. Her computer stopped working due to a virus.

Cause:
Effect:

3. The police arrested him because he committed a crime

Cause:
Effect:
4. She set fire to the curtain first before the whole house
burnt down.
Cause:
Effect:

5. If she gets accepted to university, she will become a

doctor.
Cause:
Effect:

6. I feel sick because I ate junk foods.

Cause:
Effect:
7. She never gave up on her writing, and now she published a book.
Cause:
Effect:
8. Since she is scared of clowns, she never goes to the circus.
Cause:
Effect:
9. He passed his first year at university; as a result, his parents
bought him a car.
Cause:
Effect:
10. She is lazy, therefore she has failed all of her subjects.
Cause:
Effect:
Directions: Complete the sentence by filling in a cause
or an effect.

1. John sleeps late

2. Nancy didn’t go to school
3. He was driving very fast
4. He fell asleep
5. He had a terrible headache
 03
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
Recap of Previous CAUSE AND
Lesson EFFECT
 ACTIVITY:

What’s Wrong In The

Picture”
 GROUP 1

IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

 GROUP 2

A FLAT TIRE
 GROUP 3

A BROKEN PENCIL
 GROUP 4

A BROKEN PHONE
GROUP 5

A flat ball
 3. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
This pattern of idea development is used when a writer
identifies a problem and addresses it by presenting one or
more solutions.

A problem in text is something that needs to be solved or

worked out.
Examples:
• My homework fell in the mud!
• The glass fell out of my hand and broke.
• The bathtub is overflowing.
 A solution in text is the way the problem is
solved or worked out. A solution is the “fix.”

Examples:
• Luckily, I could still see the answers and copy
them onto another homework paper.
• Mom helped me sweep up the broken pieces of
glass and asked me to be more careful next time.
• Open the drain and let the water go down.
These are the grammatical signals that can be
used for problem-solution a pattern of idea
development:

Signal Words Examples

For Problem- because, cause, since, as a
solution result, in order to, and so that,
as a solution, and one way.
Example:
Drug abuse is one of the leading social issues in many
countries. This problem has been the cause of many crimes and
health concerns. However, the threat of prohibited drugs can be
fought. One way to solve this is through education. Everyone needs
to be educated about the dangers of using prohibited drugs. People
need to be aware of the harmful effects of these drugs to their
health, family, career, and society. Another solution is to increase
police manpower and create effective laws to stop dealers. If the
authorities will strictly impose these laws, this problem will be
addressed. Drug abuse is a threat, but if the community and the
government will act together, this problem will be controlled.
 ACTIVITY:
Pick a Problem
 PROBLEM SITUATION

1. Your neighbor’ children steal fruit and plants from your

garden.
2. One of your classmates is a gossip girl who is always making
up lies about others. Portray how you will react on the
situation.
3. While on your way to school, you see a small child being
bullied by a group of boys older than him. Portray how you
will react on the situation.
 PROBLEM SITUATION

4. You’re at the restaurant wearing your new white dress. A

waiter suddenly drops a tray full with food on you. Portray
how you will react on the situation.
5. You’re shopping with your 5 year-old brother. Suddenly he
starts whining, yelling loudly and asking to buy him many
toys.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

Direction: Write an essay about the problem conveyed in the picture.

Provide at least 3 solutions in this problem by applying appropriate
grammatical signals. Write your answer on a one whole sheet of
paper.
ASSIGNMENT
 
1. Based on your personal experience, write an essay
about the problem you have encountered in life and
discuss what are the solutions you have made to
resolve it.
2. Give the definition of claim and counterclaim?
Adverbs
Recap of Previous PROBLEM-
Lesson SOLUTION
 ACTIVITY:
“Arrange Me”
1. M A C I L - CLAIM

2. R T E C N O U L C A M I - COUNTERCLAIM

3. E A S O R N - REASON

4. D E V I E C E N
- EVIDENCE
Which is better?
4. Claim and Counterclaim

This pattern of idea development refers to the

structure of presenting a side of an issue in an
argumentative manner. A claim is the writer’s stand
on a topic supported by evidences and logical
reasoning. Also, the writer presents the counterclaim
or the opposite stand of an issue to disprove it
through evidences and logical reasoning.
 Claim is the main argument or point being made. It is
a statement that asserts facts based on one’s
understanding about a particular topic or issue.

Example:
1. Students should be allowed to bring mobile phone in
class.
2. Online class is better than face to face class.
3. Mobile games are exciting to play.
Counterclaim- is just the opposite of a claim. It
is a statement that opposes or contradicts the
original claim and usually proven and supported
by reasons and evidences.
Example:
CLAIM COUNTERCLAIM
1. Students should be Students should not be allowed to
allowed to bring bring mobile phone in class.
mobile phone in
class.
2. Online class is I’m sorry but face to face is better
better than face to than online class.
face class.
3. Mobile games are Outdoor and indoor sports are more
exciting to play. exciting to play than mobile games.
Reason is the part of an argument where a
statement offers an explanation behind a
party’s claim.

Evidence is the statement that proves the

truth of a claim and generally leads to the
conclusion of an argument.
Here are the other transitional devices that can be used
for claim-counterclaim pattern of idea development:

• However • some people say

• Nevertheless • some may say
• on one hand • of course
• on the other hand • Nevertheless
• admittedly • but not only that
People believe that rock music can make teenagers rebellious
because of its lyrics but, I don’t think it is enough to make them
go against society. They say rock music concentrates mostly on
antisocial subjects which influence teenagers’ view toward
society. However, a study shows that an average teenager would
not take the music seriously, for he or she concentrates more on
the musical value of the song rather than the inner meaning of
the lyrics. Thus, even though the lyrics in rock music show
social rebellion, it does not make teenagers rebel against society.
 A. Directions: Identify which of the statements is
a claim or counterclaim.
1. Climate change is a natural occurrence that has
happened throughout history.
2. Climate change is caused by human activity.
3. The death penalty should be abolished.
4. The death penalty is necessary for punishing the
most heinous crimes.
5. Vaccines are safe and effective.
6. Vaccines can cause serious side effects and should be
avoided.
7. McDonald’s should be considered a healthy restaurant
because they offer water, fruit, and salad.
8. Even though they have a few healthy options on the
menu, McDonald’s should not overall be considered
“healthy” because the vast majority of their options are.
9. Students should be able to bring cellphones to school
because digital literacy can be used for educational
purposes.
10. Students should not be allowed to bring cellphones to
school because they are distracting and can be used for
cheating.
 B. Directions: Provide a counterclaim for each claim.
Write your counterclaim in the column provided.

Claim Counterclaim
1. Online learning is a flexible and  
convenient way to get an education.
2. Homework should be required for  
students every night.
 Claim Counterclaim
3. Social media platforms are a  
valuable tool for communication and
networking.
4. School uniforms should be  
mandatory in all schools.
5. The government should ban the use  
of plastic bags to reduce
environmental pollution.
ACTIVITY: 

1. Write your counterclaim to this statement

“Students grades do not measure success”.