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Computes Probabilities and Percentile Using The Standard Normal

Find the z-value that corresponds to the 38th percentile of the standard normal distribution. The 38th percentile corresponds to an area of 0.38 below the mean. 0.5 - 0.38 = 0.12 Looking up 0.12 in the standard normal table, the nearest value is 0.1217, which corresponds to a z-value of -0.31. Therefore, the z-value that corresponds to the 38th percentile is -0.31.

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240 views

Computes Probabilities and Percentile Using The Standard Normal

Find the z-value that corresponds to the 38th percentile of the standard normal distribution. The 38th percentile corresponds to an area of 0.38 below the mean. 0.5 - 0.38 = 0.12 Looking up 0.12 in the standard normal table, the nearest value is 0.1217, which corresponds to a z-value of -0.31. Therefore, the z-value that corresponds to the 38th percentile is -0.31.

Uploaded by

not denise
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computes Probabilities and Percentile

using the Standard Normal Table

Statistics and Probability


Learning Objectives:

At the end of this session, I am expected to:

• converts a normal random variable to a


standard normal variable and vice versa
• computes probabilities and percentiles using
the standard normal table
Z- Score or Z- Value
● Z- score value
All random variables or raw score (x) can be standardized
using the formula for the standard score or z-score:

Note: It is always written in two decimal places


Z- Score or Z- Value
Any normal distribution can be transformed to
standard normal distribution by the formula
Z- Score or Z- Value
● Z- Score is a measure of relative standing. It gives an
idea how far a data is from the mean.
● Z- Score is convenient to use when comparing data to the
average or mean value.
Example #1:
Example #1 Find the z value for each of the following x
values for a normal distribution with 𝜇 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 3.
a. 𝑥 = 13 b. 𝑥 = 8 c. 𝑥 = 12
a. x = 13
Example #1:
Example #1 Find the z value for each of the following x
values for a normal distribution with 𝜇 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 3.
a. 𝑥 = 13 b. 𝑥 = 8 c. 𝑥 = 12
b. x = 8
Example #1:
Example #1 Find the z value for each of the following x
values for a normal distribution with 𝜇 = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 3.
a. 𝑥 = 13 b. 𝑥 = 8 c. 𝑥 = 12
C. x = 12
Example #2
1. In a given normal distribution, the mean is 20.5 and the sample
standard deviation is 5.4. Find the corresponding standard score
of 18.
Solution:
x= 18 = 20.5

The z-score that corresponds to a


= -0.46 score of 18 is -0.46. It tells us that
the score of 18 is below average.
• If the standard score z is given, the original
or raw score x can be obtained by the
formula
Example #3
• The average score in a statistics and probability test is
80 with standard deviation of 10. What is the standard
score of the following students? Arnel – 97 Sherry – 86
Arnel - 97 Sherry- 86

.
= 1.7

= 0.6
• How many percent of students got below
81?
0.5 + 0.0398 = 0.5398

= 0.1
Using the z- table, look for the area below 0.1.
0.1 = 0.0398 0.0398
+ 0.5 or 53.98%
Example #4

• Given the mean = 50 and the standard deviation, = 4 of a


population of reading scores. Find the z- value that corresponds
to a score x= 58
Given: = 50 =4 and x= 58

=2 The z-score that corresponds to a


score of 58 is 2. It tells us that the
score of 58 is above average.
Example #4.
● A consumer group tested a sample of 100 light bulbs. It found that the mean
life expectancy of the bulbs was 842 h, with a standard deviation of 90. One
particular light bulb from the Dura Bright Company had z- score of 1.2.
What was the life span on this light bulb?
Given: = 842 = 90 z= 1.2

.
X= 842 + 1.2(90)
X= 842 + 108
X= 950
Example #5.
● The scores of a group of students in standardized test are
normally distributed with the mean of 60 and standard deviation
of 8. Answer the following:

a. How many percent of the students got below 72?


.
1.5 = 0.4332
= 1.5
.
1.5 = 0.4332
= 1.5

0.5 + 0.4332 =
0.9332

Therefore, about 93.32% of


the group got below 72.
b. What part of the group scored between 58 and 76?
. = = = -0.25 0.0987
. ===2
0.4772

0. 0987+ 0.4772
= 0.5759
c. If there were 250 students who took the test, about how many
students scored higher than 64?

. = = = 0.5 0.1915

0.5 – 0.1915 = 0.3085


(250) (0.3085) = 77.13
Therefore, there are 77 students
got a score higher 64
Lets practice! (Get your notebook)
1. The weight of 2000 students are normally distributed with the
mean of 46kg and standard deviation of 2.5kg?

a. How many students are less than 45kg?


b. If a student from this group is randomly selected, what is the
probability that he/she weight between 45kg and 49kg?
Example 6
● The mean of hours that students spent in the social media per day is
6.5 hours with a standard deviation of 1.8. if the number per day is
6.5 hours with a standard deviation of 1.8. if the number of hours is
normally distributed, find the probability that a random student spent:

a. Between 4 to 7 hours in the social media


b. More than 8 hours in social media
c. Supposed that a school had 1500 students, about how many students
spent more than 8 hours in social media?
Example 6
a. Between 4 to 7 hours in social media

Step 1: Identify the given


= 6.5 = 1.8 x= 4 & x= 7

Step 2: Convert the normal value to the standardized value


x= 4 x=7
.

.= -1.39
Example 6
● Step 3 : Draw the normal curve indicating the z-value and its corresponding
area

.= -1.39
Example 6
● Step 4: Use the z- table to find the area that corresponds to z= -1.39 and z= 0.28

The area that corresponds to 1.39 is 0.4177


The area that correspond to 0.28 is 0.1103

Step 5: Compute the area


Between -1.39 and 0.28

= 0.4177 + 0.1103 = 0.528 or 52.8%

Therefore, the probability that a random


student spent between 4 to 7 hours in
social media is 0.528 or 52.8%
Example 6
b. More than 8 hours in the social media.
Step 1: Identify the given
= 6.5 = 1.8 x= 8

Step 2: Convert the normal value to the standardized value


x= 8
.
.
.= 0.83
Example 6
Step 3 : Draw the normal curve indicating the z-value and its corresponding
area

.= 0.83
Example 6
● Step 4: Use the z- table to find the area that corresponds to z= 0.83

The area that corresponds to 0.83 is 0.2967

Step 5: Compute the area More than 8 hours in the social media.

Since we are looking for the probability above


z= 0.83, we will subtract 0.2967 from 0.5

= 0.5 – 0.2967
= 0.2033

Therefore, the probability that a random student


spent more than 8 hours in the social media is
0.2033 or 20.33%
Example 6
C. Supposed that a school had 1500 students, about how many students spent more than 8
hours in social media?

Note: We are looking for the number of students spent more than 8 hours

Solution:
In the previous example, the probability that a random student spent more than 8 hours in
social media is 0.2033 or 20.33%. To determine the number of students, just multiply the total
number of students with the probability.

1500(20.33%)= 304.95
Approximately, 305 students in certain school spent more than 8 hours in
social media
Percentiles
● A percentile is a measure used to indicate the
value below which a given percentage of
observations fall. Percentiles are usually
utilized to compare scores.
Example
● Assuming that the scores of the students in the exam is
normally distributed, what is the percentile of the student
who scored 94 points if the mean score is 85 and the
standard deviation is 12

Step 1: Identify the given


= 85 = 12 x= 94
Step 2: Convert the normal value to standardized value

.
● Step 3 :
Draw the normal curve indicating the z-value and its
corresponding area Note: Percentile is always below or to the left of z

● z= Below 0.75
● Step 4: Use the z- table to find the area that corresponds to z=
0.75

The area that corresponds to 0.75 is 0.2734


● Step 5: Compute the area
Since we are looking for the
area below z= 0.75, we will
add 0.2734 with 0.5

= 0.5 + 0.2734 = 0.7734


Therefore, the student belongs
to 77th percentile.
Find the percentile
1. Find the 65th percentile of the normal curve
Look for the z-table and find the
nearest value of 0.1500
65th percentile = 0.5 + 0.15

0.1500 is 0.1517 or z= 0.39

Therefore, the 65th


percentile of the normal
curve corresponding to z=
0.39
● Find the 38th percentile of the normal curve
38th percentile
0.5 - 0.38= 0.12 0.1200 the nearest value is 0.1217

Therefore, the 38th percentile of


the normal curve corresponds to z
= -0.31
Try this! (Notebook)
1. Find the 60 percentile
th

2. Find the 40 percentile


th

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