Embedded Based Anti-Collision System in Trains and Controlling of Unmanned Rail Gates
Embedded Based Anti-Collision System in Trains and Controlling of Unmanned Rail Gates
ABSTRACT
IR transmitter and RF receiver are placed in trains . IR receivers are placed in the tracks at a certain distance apart while, the RF transmitter is placed near the gate. IR signal is received when the IR transmitter comes in line with the receiver. This is applicable when a single train or two trains are moving along the same track. The microcontroller sends suitable control signals to the gate and also to the RF receiver in train via the RF transmitter connected with it. Thus, incase of trains moving along the same track in opposite directions, suitable signals are send so that collision is prevented and also automated gate closure is achieved.
AIM To prevent the head - on collisions in trains and control the unmanned rail gates automatically using embedded platform.
INTRODUCTION
Automation at railways would provide a safe and secure journey to the passengers. At present ,GPS based system used to avoid rail accidents only available, mainly identifies the location of the trains. Billions of rupees are spent at making railway operations free of accidents, be it collision of trains or unmanned rail gates. The usage of IR and RF signals helps in reducing the overall cost and betterment in design.
GPS-BASED SYSTEM
TRANSMITTER MODULE
GPS Receiver
MCU
Transceiver
RECEIVER MODULE
External Computer.
GPS Receiver
MCU
Transceiver
DISADVANTAGES
Unclear resolution, which is difficult to find whether the train is coming in the opposite track. Hardware is larger in size and very expensive. It requires computer as an external device to transfer the information.
OVERALL-LAYOUT
To RF receiver in train
IR RECEIVER.1 (TSOP1738)
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52)
ENCODER
RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECEIVER
DECODER
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52)
Wired communication.
Wireless communication.
HARDWARE USED
IR Transmitter(Would be placed in train) TSOP 1738 Receivers RF 433.92 MHz transmitter and receiver pair Microcontrollers (AT89s52) Decoder Encoder Buzzer DC Motor Stepper motor Relays ULN 2003 IC LM 7805 IC 555 Timer IC Step down transformer(15-0-15) v
ADVANTAGES
The proposed model is a cost effective one when compared with the existing. Advanced micro-controller AT89S52 with 8K bytes of Insystem re-programmable flash memory. In TSOP1738, continuous data transmission is possible (up to 2400 bytes). Fine resolution and low power consumption. On the whole, it provides a better way of preventing rail accidents.
YES
TRAINS
HALT
NO
If IR RX.1^I IR RX.2=1
YES
CLOSURE OF GATE.
STOP
NO
Stop
MICROCONTROLLER
The AT89S52 low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit controller is used in both the transmitter and receiver section in our project.
FEATURES: 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Eight Interrupt Sources 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
IR TRANSMITTER
The transmitter circuit consists of the following components: IC 555 Resistors Capacitors IR LED
The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit. To generate IR signal, 555 IC based astable multi-vibrator is used. IC 555 is used to construct an astable multi-vibrator which has two quasi-stable states. It generates a square wave of frequency 38.5kHz and amplitude 5Volts. It is required to switch ON the IR LED.
555 TIMER
ASTABLE MODE: +vcc
IR transmitter uses 555 timer in astable mode for the signal enhancement .
COMPONENTS RATING:
RA -10K. RB - 22K. F - 38.5KHZ.
RA
vcc
4
RESET
7
D RB 6 2
DISCHARGE
THRESHOLD
TRIGGER
GND
CONTROL
IR RECEIVER
DESCRIPTION:
The TSOP17...-series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems used for the same in the project. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. When IR receiver1 receives the logic level 0, the P1.0 pin of ATMEL controller will be activated. Correspondingly when received form IR receiver2 P1.1 pin will be activated.
FEATURES:
Internal filter for PCM frequency. TTL and CMOS compatibility. Output active low. Low power consumption. High immunity against ambient light
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
TSOP 17..
1 2 3
100ohms
C 10Kohms
IR TXN.
ENCODER (HT12E)
ENCODER OPERATION:
2^12 Series of encoder begins 4-word transmission cycle upon receipt of a transmission enable(TE=0). Data is transmitted until TE=0. once the TE returns high the encoder output completes its final cycle.
I\P pin for address
DECODER (HD12D)
DECODER OPERATION: 2^12 Series of decoder receives data transmitted by an encoder through RF transceiver pair. DECODER INTERPRETS: a) The first N bits of code period as address. b) Last 12-N bits as data. HD12Dprovides 4 latch-type data pins whose data remains unchanged until new data is received.
output
data pins
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: This TX 01-ASK Hybrid RF transmitter module transmits the encoded data from HD12E type encoder to the RF receiver through air at particular frequency of 433.92 MHZ FEATURES: Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz Supply Voltage: 3V to 6V Output Power: 4 ~ 12 dbm
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: This RX02-ask Hybrid receiver receives the particular RF Signal of frequency (433.92MHZ) through a single core antenna.
FEATURES: Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz Typical Sensitivity: 105 Dbm IF Frequency: 1MHz Low Power Consumption Operating Voltage: 5V
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
VCC
DATA
MCU
CONCLUSION
Reduction in inaccuracy in the transmission of data and overall cost can be achieved. The micro-controller used is a well-advanced version and also has the ability to cope up with our software.
It can be implemented mainly in the rural areas where the existing design of preventing the head-on collisions cannot serve its purpose.
This can be further implemented to have control room to regulate the working of the system. Thus the newly designed system to prevent accidents could overcome all the demerits in the existing design and ultimately prove to be a better design as the task of automation has been accomplished.