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Part - 9 - DC Machine - Part - 4 - Control Motor

The document discusses controlling the speed of DC motors. It explains that DC motor speed can be controlled by changing the flux through adjusting the field current or field resistance, or by changing the armature voltage. Shunt motors can achieve wide speed control range through field or armature voltage control. Series motors control speed mainly through armature resistance control and are well-suited for heavy-load applications. The document compares speed control methods for shunt and series motors.

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Ayyub Dhimastara Aji
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38 views18 pages

Part - 9 - DC Machine - Part - 4 - Control Motor

The document discusses controlling the speed of DC motors. It explains that DC motor speed can be controlled by changing the flux through adjusting the field current or field resistance, or by changing the armature voltage. Shunt motors can achieve wide speed control range through field or armature voltage control. Series motors control speed mainly through armature resistance control and are well-suited for heavy-load applications. The document compares speed control methods for shunt and series motors.

Uploaded by

Ayyub Dhimastara Aji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC MOTORS

Control of DC motors
• How to start DC motor?
• How to stop DC motor?
• How to control the speed of DC
motor?
DC MOTORS
Starting a DC motor
DC MOTORS
Stopping a DC motor
1. Dynamic braking 2. Plugging
DC MOTORS
Stopping a DC motor
3. Re-generative braking

4. Mechanical braking
DC MOTORS
Braking characteristics of some method
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed
Equation related to speed control :

Em
Em  c.n. n
c.
Em = Armature voltage
c = machine constant
 = Flux generated by field winding

Thus, DC motor speed can be controlled by :


1. changing the Flux (field current)
2. changing armature voltage
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Shunt)
Adjusting the field resistance
Increasing Rf causes If decrease===>decrease ===>lowers Em===>increase
Ia===>tind increase===>tind > tload===>increase speed===>decrease
Ia===>decrease tind until tind = tload at higher speed.

Em
n
c.
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Shunt&Separately)
Adjusting the voltage applied to armature
Increasing VT causes Ia increase===>increase ind===>ind > load===>increase
speed===>increase Ea===>decrease Ia===>decrease ind until ind = load at higher
speed.

Em
n
c.
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Shunt&separately)
Adjusting the voltage applied to armature ~ Ward-Leonard speed control
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Shunt&separately)
Adjusting the voltage applied to armature ~ Solid State speed control
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Shunt)
Inserting a series resistor with armature
The resistor which series inserted with armature increases drastically the slope of
motor Torque vs. Speed characteristic.

Em
n
c.
DC MOTORS
Comparison on DC motor speed (Shunt)

Basis of Armature Ward-Leonard


Field control
comparison resistance control control

Limit, range of Base speed to twice Zero to over base


Zero to base speed
hardness of speed base speed speed
(wide)
control (narrow) (wider)

Smoothness smooth smoother Very smooth

Economics expensive economics Very expensive


DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Series)
Controlling of voltage applied to the motor
.
DC MOTORS
Controlling DC motor speed (Series)
Inserting a parallel resistor with field winding (field weakening)
.

DIVERTER
.
DC MOTORS
Comparison on DC motor speed (Series)

Basis of Armature Voltage Field control by


comparison control diverter

Limit, range of Base speed to twice Zero to over base


hardness of speed base speed speed
control (wide) (wider)

Smoothness smooth smooth

Economics Less expensive More expensive


DC MOTORS
• SHUNT motor :
– at constant field current operates at slowly decreasing speed - almost
constant - as load is added
– T~Ia
– its speed can be controlled over a wide range by:
• shunt-field control, or
• armature-voltage control
• or a combination of the above
• applications:
– where speed control required; speed regulation LFL)/FL 5%
– where high starting torques are NOT needed
– centrifugal pumps, fans, winding reels, conveyors, machine tools and other
loads of similar characteristics
DC MOTORS
• SERIES motor :
– low speed as load is added
– no-load speed prohibitively high
– T~Ia2 (below the saturation)
– handles heavy torque overloads while cushioning power overload with
a speed drop
– ability to withstand severe starting duties
– speed changes usually achieved by armature resistance control
• applications:
– best adapted to and almost unrivalled for:
• hoist-, crane- and traction-type loads
– competes with the induction motor (on our program later)
• concerns: availability & costs of DC power supply
DC MOTORS
DC motor application
– steel rolling mill
– railway traction
– wide range of industrial drives
– robotics
– printers
– precision servos etc.

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