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Lesson 1-Nervous System

The document discusses the nervous system and its role in regulating the body. It identifies two main divisions of the nervous system: the central nervous system, comprised of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, comprised of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The nervous system connects all parts of the body, transmits signals, and regulates responses to stimuli through neurons, which are the basic cellular units that transmit impulses. Sensory neurons receive information and motor neurons conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands.

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Louise Yvonne Manalo
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30 views

Lesson 1-Nervous System

The document discusses the nervous system and its role in regulating the body. It identifies two main divisions of the nervous system: the central nervous system, comprised of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, comprised of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The nervous system connects all parts of the body, transmits signals, and regulates responses to stimuli through neurons, which are the basic cellular units that transmit impulses. Sensory neurons receive information and motor neurons conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands.

Uploaded by

Louise Yvonne Manalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BODY REGULATION

NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
LESSON 1
OBJECTIVES

STATE THE IMPORTANCE OF


HOMEOSTASIS IN THE BODY.
IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.
ASSESS YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

HOW DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM KEEP


YOU ALIVE?
HOW WILL YOU COMPARE THE HUMAN
BRAIN TO A COMPUTER?
ASSESS YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

HOW DOES YOUR BODY RESPOND TO


STIMULI?
NERVOUS SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM CONNECTS ALL YOUR BODY


PARTS AND TRANSMITS SIGNALS FROM ONE PART
TO ANOTHER.
IT IS A SYSTEM OF CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS
THAT REGULATES THE BODY’S RESPONSES TO
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STIMULI.
FUNCTIONS:

 IT SERVES AS THE CENTER OF ALL MENTAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING


LEARNING, MEMORY, THINKING, AND ORAL SPEECH.
 IT RECEIVES, EXAMINES, AND PROCESSES DATA AND INITIATES
APPROPRIATE RESPONSES.
 IT CONTROLS AND REGULATES ALL ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE HUMAN
BODY.
 IT COORDINATES THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL THE OTHER ORGANS IN
THE BODY.
TERMS
BRAIN
STIMULI
HOMEOSTASIS
REFLEX
SPINAL CORD
 NEURON
STIMULUS

ANYTHING THAT EVOKES A


PERSON REACTION.
REFLEX

AN INVOLUNTARY AND AUTOMATIC


RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS.
HOMEOSTASIS
The body’s ability to maintain constant internal
equilibrium by adjusting its physiological
process.
The nervous and endocrine systems are the main
mechanisms by which homeostasis is sustained
in the body.
NEURON
THE BASIC CELLULAR UNIT OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM. IT TRANSMIT
IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE
VARIOUS PARTS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
PARTS OF A NEURON
Anatomy of a Neuron
Each neuron contains:
- Cell body with nucleus
- Dendrites : fibers that
receive messages from
other neurons
- Axons : fibers that send
messages to other
neurons
• Neurons do NOT touch;
there is a gap between
them called a synapse

• Messages are sent across


the synapses by special
chemicals called
neurotransmitters
TYPES OF NEURONS

SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURONS-


RECEIVE INFORMATION AND SEND
IMPULSES TO THE SPINAL CORD OR THE
BRAIN.
TYPES OF NEURONS

MOTOR (EFFERENT) NEURONS-


CONDUCT IMPULSES FROM THE BRAIN
OR THE SPINAL CORD TO MUSCLE OR
GLANDS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
TYPES OF NEURONS

INTERNEURONS- RELAY IMPULSES OR


INFORMATION FROM THE SENSORY
NEURONS TO THE MOTOR NEURONS.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Two Major Divisions
of the Nervous
System
Central Nervous System
Brain : a mass of 100
billion neurons located
inside the skull

-Learning occurs as more


and stronger
connections are made
between neurons
Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebrum : largest part of
human brain
- Responsible for:
- Thought
- Language
- Senses
- Memory
- Voluntary movement
Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebellum : at base of
brain
-Responsible for:
- Muscle coordination
- Balance
- Posture
Anatomy of the Brain
Brain Stem : connects
brain to spinal cord
-Responsible for:
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Heartbeat
- Blood pressure
Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord : Column of
nerves from brain to
tailbone – protected by
vertebrae of spine

- Responsible for:
- Conducting
impulses between the
brain and the rest of
the body

*Impulses may travel as


fast at 268 miles/hr
Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves : visible
bundles of axons
and dendrites that
extend from the
brain and spinal
cord to all other
parts of the body
-Responsibilities:
- Sensory nerves - carry
messages from body to
brain (pain, pressure,
temperature)

- Motor nerves – carry


messages from brain to
body to respond

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