Scribd
Upload
63 views

Digestive System: 1. Mechanical Processing 2. Secretion 3. Digestion

The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It discusses the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. It describes the main subdivisions of the digestive tract including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Umbe Chinaka
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views

Digestive System: 1. Mechanical Processing 2. Secretion 3. Digestion

The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It discusses the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. It describes the main subdivisions of the digestive tract including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Umbe Chinaka
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Digestive system

1. Mechanical processing
- break up, mix, and move
food material

2. Secretion
- of enzymes into tube
where digestion occurs

3. Digestion
- break down of food
particles into smaller molecules

4. Absorption
- nutrients and fluids are taken-up into the blood/lymph

5. Elimination/Defication
- of wastes and residues

Embryonic stage

Digestive contd
Subdivisions are:
Oral cavity and pharynx Esophagus Stomach Instestines Cloaca ----pancreas liver and gall bladder are accessory organs

Fishes amphibians have pleuroperitoneal cavity for digestive tracts In birds and few reptiles abdominal cavities (peritoneal)

Mouth /Oral cavity


Entrance to the digestive tract Oral cavity leads to the pharynx Roof of cavity is the Palate

Lies beneath oral cavity made of hyoid muscle

Extends from 1st cheek teeth (beneath ears) to scapula

Separates teeth from cheeks and lips

Tongue
Used for capturing or gathering food during mastication Mixes food with saliva for easy ingestion
flipped out of mouth and secretes sticky mucus

Tied to the floor of oral cavity frenulum linguae

Wood peckers bared tongue that shoots out

Stomach
Receiving site for ingested foods Secretes digestive enzymes and mucus to digest food. J shaped

Ruminant

Stomach
Ruminants have divided chambers Multiple chambers allow rechewing and breakdown of cellulose
1. 2. 3. 4. Rumen-stores recticulRumen Omasum-absorption Abomasum-digestion

Oral Glands Moisture is essential for taste buds to function. The stimulant for taste must be in solution to evoke a gustatory response. Other secrections include serous fuids, toxin, venoms, vscous secretions*in different organisms Labial glands open into the oral vestibule at the base of the lips. Molar glands lie near the molar tooth Infraorbital glands are in the floor of the orbit Palatal glandsopen onto the palate Sublingual and Submandibular glands open via common papillae under the tongue [To observe these papillae in your oral cavity, open your mouth wile looking into a mirror, raise your tongue, and note the tow papillae just behind the mandibular symphysis at the base of the tongue] *Oral glands are usually named according to their location

Pharynx Pharynx is apart of an adult digestive tract Pharyngeal pouches are in the embryo The pharynx opens into the esophagus The pharynx of fishes is a functional part of the respiratory system* In mammals the pharynx has addition features a. Nasal Pharynx is above the soft palate b. Oral pharynx is between the oral cavity and the glottis In humans, the uvula derived from other primates, which hangs from the caudal border of the soft palate into the oral pharynx. Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) develop in the mucosa of the nasal pharynx Lingual tonsils develop in the tongue near its attachment to the hyoid bone

The Gut Wall The gut wall from the beginning of the esophagus to the cloaca consisting of four layers Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa

Esophagus The esophagus is a distensible muscular tube, shortest in fishes and neckless tetrapods, and extending between the pharynx and stomach. In fishes, it sphincter that closes the passageway to the stomach during the phase of respiration when water is being forced across the gills Otherwise, in fishes and tertrapods is to conduct foodstuffs to the stomach. In terrestrial turtles, birds and few mammals, the esophagus is lined by a startified squamous epithelium enabling the lining to withstand abrasion caused by roughage in the diet In marine turtles, it is lined by horny papillae that are directed backward, preventing regurgitation while making it easy to swallow slippery seaweed In birds, the crop is a paired or unpaired membranous diverticulum or sac, for hoarding seeds and grain until there is room for them in the stomach.

You might also like