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Lesson 1

- The document discusses JavaScript and how it can be used to make webpages more dynamic and interactive by enhancing functionality and appearance through client-side scripting. - It provides examples of using JavaScript to print text on a webpage through methods like document.write(), and to display dialog boxes with window.alert(). User input can be obtained with window.prompt(). - The document outlines JavaScript data types like numbers, strings, Booleans, and undefined/null values and how they are used in programs.

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alfierapisura
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15K views

Lesson 1

- The document discusses JavaScript and how it can be used to make webpages more dynamic and interactive by enhancing functionality and appearance through client-side scripting. - It provides examples of using JavaScript to print text on a webpage through methods like document.write(), and to display dialog boxes with window.alert(). User input can be obtained with window.prompt(). - The document outlines JavaScript data types like numbers, strings, Booleans, and undefined/null values and how they are used in programs.

Uploaded by

alfierapisura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Introduction

to Javascript

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Outline
1. Introduction
2. Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text in a Web
Page
3. Data types
4. Obtaining User Input with prompt Dialogs
5. Memory Concepts
6. Arithmetic
7. Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators
8. Web Resources

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Objectives
• In this lesson, you will learn:
– To be able to write simple JavaScript programs.
– To be able to use input and output statements.
– To understand basic memory concepts.
– To be able to use arithmetic operators.
– To understand the precedence of arithmetic
operators.
– To be able to write decision-making statements.
– To be able to use relational and equality operators.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1  Introduction
• JavaScript scripting language
– Enhances functionality and appearance
– Client-side scripting
• Makes pages more dynamic and interactive
– Foundation for complex server-side scripting
– Allows us to develop webpages that act as programs
– Gives us more control than normal HTML/CSS

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1  Introduction
• JavaScript is the backbone of Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 is more than just visual style
• The second generation of internet
– Communities and information sharing
– User centred design to facilitate creativity
– A lot more control given to users
• Examples include wikis, blogs and social
networking sites
• Often highly customisable with a widget based
approach.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


2  Simple Program: Printing a Line of
Text in a Web Page
• Inline scripting
– Written in the <body> of a document
– <script> tag
• Indicate that the text is part of a script
• type attribute
– Specifies the type of file and the scripting language use
• writeln method
– Write a line in the document
• Escape character ( \ )
– Indicates “special” character is used in the string
• alert method
– Dialog box

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.1: welcome.html -->
6 <!-- Displaying a line of text -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>A First Program in JavaScript</title>

welcome.html
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">

(1 of 1)
13 <!--
14 document.writeln(
15 "<h1>Welcome to JavaScript Programming!</h1>" );
16 // -->
17 </script>
18
19 </head><body></body>
20 </html>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.2: welcome2.html -->
6 <!-- Printing a Line with Multiple Statements -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Printing a Line with Multiple Statements</title>

welcome2.html
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14
15
(1 of 1)
document.write( "<h1 style = \"color: magenta\">" );
document.write( "Welcome to JavaScript " +
16 "Programming!</h1>" );
17 // -->
18 </script>
19
20 </head><body></body>
21 </html>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.3: welcome3.html -->
6 <!-- Printing Multiple Lines -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head><title>Printing Multiple Lines</title>
10

welcome3.html
11 <script type = "text/javascript">
12 <!--
13 document.writeln( "<h1>Welcome to<br />JavaScript" +
14
15
1 of 1 "<br />Programming!</h1>" );
// -->
16 </script>
17
18 </head><body></body>
19 </html>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.4: welcome4.html -->
6 <!-- Printing multiple lines in a dialog box -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head><title>Printing Multiple Lines in a Dialog Box</title>
10

welcome4.html
11 <script type = "text/javascript">
12 <!--
13 window.alert( "Welcome to\nJavaScript\nProgramming!" );
14
15
1 of 1
// -->
</script>
16
17 </head>
18
19 <body>
20 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p>
21 </body>
22 </html>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING
2  Simple Program: Printing a Line of
Text in a Web Page
Escape sequence Description
\n Newline. Position the screen cursor at the beginning of the next line.
\t Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop.
\r Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the
current line; do not advance to the next line. Any characters output
after the carriage return overwrite the characters previously output on
that line.
\\ Backslash. Used to represent a backslash character in a string.
\" Double quote. Used to represent a double quote character in a string
contained in double quotes. For example,
window.alert( "\"in quotes\"" );
displays "in quotes" in an alert dialog.

\' Single quote. Used to represent a single quote character in a string. For
example,
window.alert( '\'in quotes\'' );
displays 'in quotes' in an alert dialog.

Fig. 7.5 Some common escape sequences.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Data types
• Numbers - refers to numerical values
• Strings - refers to one or more characters of text
• Booleans – True or false values
• Undefined or null - variables or object properties
that are either undefined or do not exist

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Numbers
• As the name implies, a number type refers to
numerical values. Numbers can be divided into
two groups:
• floating-point — are fractional numbers such as
2.45, -3.58, and .97
• Integers — are whole numbers such as 245, -
480, and 3.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Strings
• string is enclosed inside single or double quotes.
• Examples of strings:
– “University of Sydney", 'HTML', 'JavaScript', and
“2007", are all examples of strings.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Boolean
• A Boolean value is a truth value, either 'true' or
'false', often coded 1 and 0, respectively.
• Boolean logic allows your program to make
decisions. A Boolean logic statement consists of
a condition that evaluates to either true or false.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Undefined and Null Values
• The undefined type refers to those variables or
object properties that are either undefined or do
not exist. When a variable, for example, is
declared without assigning a value to it, it is of
undefined type. (eg var x;)
• The null type indicates an empty value. When a
variable is assigned the value null, its type
becomes null.
– var x = null;

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


3.1  Dynamic Welcome Page
• A script can adapt the content based on input
from the user or other variables

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4
5
6 <!-- Using Prompt Boxes -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Using Prompt and Alert Boxes</title>

welcome5.html
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14
15
(1 of 2)
var name; // string entered by the user

16 // read the name from the prompt box as a string


17 name = window.prompt( "Please enter your name", "GalAnt" );
18
19 document.writeln( "<h1>Hello, " + name +
20 ", welcome to JavaScript programming!</h1>" );
21 // -->
22 </script>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


23
24 </head>
25
26 <body>
27 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p>
28 </body>
29 </html>

welcome5.html
(2 of 2)

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


3.1  Dynamic Welcome Page
When the user clicks OK, the value
typed by the user is returned to the
program as a string.
This is the prompt
to the user.

This is the text field in which


This is the default value that the user types the value.
appears when the dialog
opens.

Fig. 7.7 Prompt dialog displayed by the window object’s prompt method.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


3.2 Adding Integers
• Prompt user for two integers and calculate the
sum (Fig. 7.8)
• NaN (not a number)
• parseInt
– Converts its string argument to an integer

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5
6 <!-- Addition Program -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>An Addition Program</title>

Addition.html
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14
15
(1 of 2)
var firstNumber,
secondNumber,
// first string entered by user
// second string entered by user
16 number1, // first number to add
17 number2, // second number to add
18 sum; // sum of number1 and number2
19
20 // read in first number from user as a string
21 firstNumber =
22 window.prompt( "Enter first integer", "0" );
23

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


24 // read in second number from user as a string
25 secondNumber =
26 window.prompt( "Enter second integer", "0" );
27
28 // convert numbers from strings to integers
29 number1 = parseInt( firstNumber );
30 number2 = parseInt( secondNumber );
31
32 // add the numbers
33 sum = number1 + number2;
34
35
36
Addition.html
// display the results
document.writeln( "<h1>The sum is " + sum + "</h1>" );
37
38
(2 of 2)
// -->
</script>
39
40 </head>
41 <body>
42 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p>
43 </body>
44 </html>

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING
4  Memory Concepts
• Variable names correspond to locations in the
computer’s memory
• Every variable has a name, a type, and a value
• Read value from a memory location
– nondestructive

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

Fig. 7.9 Memory location showing the name and value of variable number1.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

number2 72

Fig. 7.10 Memory locations after values for variables number1 and number2 have been input.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

number2 72

sum 117

Fig. 7.11 Memory locations after calculating the sum of number1 and number2.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


5  Arithmetic
• Many scripts perform arithmetic calculations
– Expressions in JavaScript must be written in straight-
line form

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


5  Arithmetic
JavaScript Arithmetic Algebraic JavaScript
operation operator expression expression
Addition + f+7 f + 7

Subtraction - p–c p - c
Multiplication * bm b * m
/ x-- x / y
Division x / y or y
or xy

Remainder % r mod s r % s
Fig. 7.12 Arithmetic operators.

Operator(s) Operation(s) Order of evaluation (precedence)


*, / or % Multiplication Evaluated second. If there are several such
Division operations, they are evaluated from left to right.
Modulus
+ or - Addition Evaluated last. If there are several such operations,
Subtraction they are evaluated from left to right.
Fig. 7.13 Precedence of arithmetic operators.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


5  Arithmetic
Step 1. y = 2 * 5 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;

2 * 5 is 10 (Leftmost multiplication)

Step 2. y = 10 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;

10 * 5 is 50 (Leftmost multiplication)

Step 3. y = 50 + 3 * 5 + 7;

3 * 5 is 15 (Multiplication before addition)

Step 4. y = 50 + 15 + 7;

50 + 15 is 65 (Leftmost addition)

Step 5. y = 65 + 7;

65 + 7 is 72 (Last addition)

Step 6. y = 72; (Last operation—place 72 into y )

Fig. 7.14 Order in which a second-degree polynomial is evaluated.


WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING
6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators
• Decision based on the truth or falsity of a
condition
– Equality operators
– Relational operators

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators
Standard algebraic JavaScript equality Sample Meaning of
equality operator or or relational JavaScript JavaScript
relational operator operator condition condition
Equality operators
= == x == y x is equal to y
? != x != y x is not equal to y
Relational operators
> > x > y x is greater than y
< < x < y x is less than y
 >= x >= y x is greater than or
equal to y
 <= x <= y x is less than or
equal to y
Fig. 7.15 Equality and relational operators.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4
5
6 <!-- Using Relational Operators -->
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Using Relational Operators</title>

welcome6.html
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14
15
(1 of 3)
var name, // string entered by the user
now = new Date(), // current date and time
16 hour = now.getHours(); // current hour (0-23)
17
18 // read the name from the prompt box as a string
19 name = window.prompt( "Please enter your name", "GalAnt" );
20
21 // determine whether it is morning
22 if ( hour < 12 )
23 document.write( "<h1>Good Morning, " );
24

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


25 // determine whether the time is PM
26 if ( hour >= 12 )
27 {
28 // convert to a 12 hour clock
29 hour = hour - 12;
30
31 // determine whether it is before 6 PM
32 if ( hour < 6 )
33 document.write( "<h1>Good Afternoon, " );
34

welcome6.html
35 // determine whether it is after 6 PM
36 if ( hour >= 6 )
37 document.write( "<h1>Good Evening, " );
38
39
(2 of 3)
}

40 document.writeln( name +
41 ", welcome to JavaScript programming!</h1>" );
42 // -->
43 </script>
44
45 </head>
46

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


47 <body>
48 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p>
49 </body>
50 </html>

welcome6.html
(3 of 3)

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators
Operators Associativity Type
* / % left to right multiplicative
+ - left to right additive
< <= > >= left to right relational
== != left to right equality
= right to left assignment
Fig. 7.17 Precedence and associativity of the
operators discussed so far.

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING


Recommended Reading
• W3schools -
http://www.w3schools.com/js/default.asp
• ScriptMaster
-http://www.scriptingmaster.com/javascript/scripti
ng-javascript.asp
• HTML Goodies, JavaScript Basics
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/primers/jsp/article.p
hp/3586411l

WEB DESIGN AND PROGRAMMING

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