DIESEL CYCLE

LITERATURE REVIEW
CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Definition
 Working principle of Diesel Engine/Cycle
 Classification and types
 Applications, advantages and disadvantages
 Areas to improve
 Diesel Cycle – Excel Solver
 Excel Solver Numerical solution
 Summary
INTRODUCTION

•In diesel engines, a particular kind of thermodynamic cycle known as the diesel cycle is

employed to transform heat energy into mechanical work. Rudolf Diesel, who is credited with the

invention of the diesel engine, is honored with this name.

•The fuel is ignited by the heat produced by the compression, which causes it to burn and quickly

expand. This causes the piston to move downward, which results in the production of mechanical

work.

• A modification of the Carnot cycle, the Diesel cycle is distinguished by the presence of two

processes that maintain a constant pressure and two processes that maintain a constant volume
IMPORTANCE

• It is vital to do a literature review on the diesel cycle for a number of different reasons. To begin,
the Diesel cycle is a basic concept in the subject of thermodynamics.
• It is also essential for understanding the functioning of diesel engines, which are extensively used in
a variety of applications, including transportation, industry, and the production of electricity.
• Second, diesel engines already play an important part in the overall energy system of the world, and
it is anticipated that they will continue to do so in the next decades.
Inquiry question
What are the current trends and advancements in the understanding and optimization of the Diesel
cycle, and how can this knowledge be applied to improve the performance, efficiency, and
environmental impact of diesel engines?
DEFINITION

• The combustion process of a piston-and-crankshaft internal combustion engine is known as the

Diesel cycle. Combustion occurs when fuel is introduced into a chamber where air is compressed,
producing heat that ignites the fuel.
• A diesel engine is a kind of internal combustion engine that uses compression ignition, a process in
which the high temperature produced by compressing air in the engine cylinder is used to ignite the
fuel.
• In order to ignite the fuel in a diesel engine, compression is used instead of a spark plug, as is the
case with a petrol engine.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE/CYCLE

• Compression in a diesel engine's cylinder ignites the fuel-air combination.

• Piston movement up the cylinder causes air pressure and temperature to rise dramatically.

• Fuel is fed into the cylinder as a fine mist or spray at the top of the compression stroke, when it
is exposed to the high temperature and pressure of the compressed air and ignites spontaneously.

• Power is then delivered to the wheels through a controlled explosion caused by this mechanism.

• The diesel engine relies on a number of crucial parts working together to achieve this result. The
fuel system consists of the fuel tank, the fuel pump, and the fuel injectors, all of which work
together to provide the engine with the correct quantity of gasoline at the correct time.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE/CYCLE

The process taking place in I.C. engine are as follows:

1. Intake stroke

Piston travels down and inlet valve opens during suction stroke. In the cylinder, just air or air and fuel are sucked
in. During this downstroke, the exhaust valve is kept closed. During this stroke of the engine, the cylinder
pressure is below the surrounding air pressure.

2. Compression stroke

The piston rises at this phase of the stroke. The two valves are both closed. As the piston moves up, it compresses
the charge in the cylinder.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE/CYCLE

3. Power stroke

When gasoline is ignited, it produces a great deal of heat, leading to very high pressure in the cylinder, which
in turn forces the piston downward. The term "power stroke" describes the downward motion of the piston at
this precise moment.

4. Exhaust stroke

The piston rises at this phase of the stroke. When the exhaust valve opens, the exhaust gases escape. After the
spent gases have been exhausted, the cylinder is primed and ready for a new charge. The intake valve is
closed during this stroke.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE/CYCLE
CLASSIFICATION

There are two types of engines in thermodynamics.

a) IC Engine

As fuel is burned within an internal combustion engine's cylinder, the resulting heat is used to power
the vehicle. As a result of this heating, the air pressure inside the cylinder increases dramatically.

b) EC Engine

An EC engine is a kind of heat engine in which the combustion outside the engine is used to heat the
working fluid within the engine (or vice versa, using a heat exchanger). The fluid then causes the
engine to move and do useful work by expanding and working on the mechanism within.
TYPES

•Four-stroke cycle: A four-stroke cycle

engine is one in which the whole cycle
takes place in only two crankshaft
rotations.

•Two-stroke cycle: It is termed a two-

stroke cycle engine if the whole cycle
takes place in one crankshaft rotation.
APPLICATIONS

Diesel engines may be used for a variety of purposes.

•Heavy duty vehicles: Due to their high torque output, longevity, and fuel economy, diesel engines
are often used in heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks, buses, and trains.

•Ships and boats: Due to their fuel economy and dependability, diesel engines are often utilized in
boats and ships. Commercial ships, transport ships, and leisure boats all make use of them.

•Commuter vehicles: Fuel economy is a major factor in Europe's preference for diesel engines, which
are less frequent in passenger automobiles in various countries.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
• Saves on petrol: Generally speaking, diesel engines have a greater range per gallon of fuel than petrol
engines.

• Durability: Due to their robust design and low-revving nature, diesel engines have a reputation for
reliability and longevity. Diesel engines' tremendous torque production is one reason why they are so
popular for towing and hauling.

• Lessen our carbon footprint: Diesel engines are preferred because they create less carbon dioxide
(CO2) than petrol engines.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Disadvantages

•Costlier to begin with: Compared to petrol engines, diesel engines are more costly to produce,
which may be passed on to the buyer.

•More pollution discharges in general: Increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines has been linked to increased air pollution.

•Disturbing rumblings: Some drivers find diesel engines to be too noisy and too prone to vibration
compared to petrol engines.
AREAS TO IMPROVE

a) Lowering of emissions

High levels of toxic emissions from diesel engines, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate
matter (PM), are well recognized to cause air pollution and have detrimental impacts on human
health.

b) Fuel economy
Despite the fact that diesel engines use less fuel on average than petrol engines, there is always space
for improvement.
AREAS TO IMPROVE

c) Performance in cold temperatures

In cold weather, diesel engines may be difficult to start, which can be problematic in areas
with severe winters.

d) Energy output

Diesel engines are renowned for generating tremendous amounts of torque, but due to their
narrower rpm range, their power output might be constrained.  
DIESEL CYCLE – EXCEL SOLVER

Description
 Microsoft Excel comes with the effective optimization tool known as Excel Solver.

 It is intended to identify the best answer to a variety of issues, including efficiency assessment.
 Efficiency measurement is a procedure that enables businesses to assess how effectively they are
using their resources to accomplish their objectives.
 Equations that assess efficiency and determine the ideal mix of inputs and outputs may be solved
with Excel Solver.
USES

1) Create a new workbook in Microsoft Excel after opening it. Put your information in the
worksheet.
2) Choose "Solver" under the "Analysis" category on the "Data" tab.
3) Insert the input data into the cells for diesel cycle examples.
4) Apply the formula for each process from 1 to 4 point to obtain required the temperature and
pressure.
5) In the end apply the efficiency formula and calculate the network output.
EXCEL SOLVER NUMERICAL SOLUTION
SUMMARY

• Diesel engines are widely used due to their high torque, fuel economy, and durability. Industrial
machinery, electricity generation, and autos are examples. These engines compress air in the
cylinder and inject gasoline under high pressure.
• Diesel engines produce considerable pollutants and noise, but they are efficient and durable. Diesel
engines might also reduce pollution and boost efficiency.
• Excel Solver is a powerful tool for solving optimizations, linear programming, and nonlinear
equations. It can simulate renewable energy systems, examine power flow, and solve time-cost
trade-off concerns.