MODULE 01:

INTRODUCTION OF
RESEARCH

P R E PA R E D B Y:
M R . C H A R L E S D A R W I N F. TA L AV E R A
QUESTIONS

1. Are you aware of the different brands of vaccine for Covid 19?
Can you name some of these?
2. Why do you think pharmaceutical companies were able to come
up with these vaccines?
3. How important is research in today's society?
WHAT IS A RESEARCH?
RESEARCH – a process of steps used
to collect and analyze information in
order to increase the understanding in
regards of a certain topic or issue
(Creswell, 2014)
RESEARCH is an organized and
systematic way of finding answers to
questions. It is a way of establishing
knowledge thru empiricism
 •SYSTEMATIC because there is
RESEARCH IS: a definite set of procedures and
steps which you will follow.
•ORGANIZED because there is a
structure or method in going about
doing research
•FINDING ANSWERS is the end
of all research.
•QUESTIONS are central to
research.
NATURE OF INQUIRY
1. Inquiry is defined as “a
seeking for truth,
information or knowledge”.
2. Individuals carry on the
process of inquiry from
birth till death.
3. Inquiry is synonymous with
the word investigation.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
Inquiry Research
Inquiry is a term that is Research is systematic and
synonymous with the word objective creation of knowledge
‘investigation’. When you systematic, objective (no bias,
inquire or investigate, you tend to all angles presented), knowledge
ask questions to probe or creation.
examine something to request
for truth, information, or
knowledge.
IDENTIFICATION: Determine whether Inquiry or Research is
applicable to the given situations.
 
_________1. A person wants to know the number of occupants in one
household.
_________2. Teresita wants to know the reason for the continuous
loss of sales in her online business.
_________3. A business man wants to find out which between these
two marketing strategies: free tasting and attractive packaging, could
increase daily sales.
_________4. Teacher Beatrice wants to determine the effectiveness of
modular modality in her school.
_________5. Mikee wants to know the technique to make her newly
bought massage chair instantly.
 
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
1. Empirical-Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical-Research is based on valid procedures
and principles.
3. Cyclical-Research is a cyclical process because
it starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
4.Analytical- Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering the
data, whether historical, descriptive,
and experimental and case study.
5.Critical- Research exhibits careful
and precise judgment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
6.Methodical. Research is conductedin a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7.Replicability. The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid
and conclusive results
WHEN TO USE QUALITATIVE
VS. QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH?
Quantitative data can help you see the big
picture.

Qualitative data adds the details and can also

give a human voice to your survey results.
 DIFFERENCE:
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH2
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH2
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Objective To understand & To test hypotheses,
interpret social look at cause &
interactions. effect, & make
predictions.
Group Studied Smaller & not Larger & randomly
randomly selected. selected.
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE
Variables Study of the Specific variables
whole, not studied
variables.
Type of Data Words, Numbers and statistics
Collected images, or
objects.
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE

Form of Data Qualitative data such as Quantitative data based

Collected open-ended responses, on precise measurements
interviews, participant using structured &
observations, field notes, validated, data-collection
& reflections. instruments
Type of Data Identify patterns, Identify statistical
Analysis features, themes. Identify relationships.
statistical relationships.
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE

Objectivity and Subjectivity is expected. Objectivity is critical.

Subjectivity
Role of Researcher & their biases Researcher & their biases are
Researcher may be known to not known to the
  participants in the study, & participants in the study, &
participant characteristics participant characteristics
may be known to the are deliberately hidden from
researcher. the researcher (double-blind
studies).
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE

Results Particular or specialized Generalizable findings that

findings that are less can be applied to other
generalizable. populations.
 
Scientific Exploratory or bottom-up: Confirmatory or top-down:
Method the researcher generates a the researcher tests the
new hypothesis and theory hypothesis and theory with
from the data collected. the data.
 
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE

View of Dynamic, situational, Regular & predictable.

Human social, & personal.
Behavior  
Focus Wide-angle lens; Narrow-angle lens;
  examines the breadth tests a specific
  & depth of hypothesis.
phenomena.
 
DIFFERENCE: QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH VERSUS
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH2
QUANTITATIVE

Nature of Study behavior in a natural Study behavior under

Observation environment. controlled conditions; isolate
causal effects.
Nature of Reality Multiple realities; subjective. Single reality; objective.
 
Final Report Narrative report with Statistical report with
contextual description & direct correlations, comparisons of
quotations from research means, & statistical significance
participants. of findings.
Adopted from Creswell, J. Research Design, New Delhi Sage Publication
SIMILARITIES:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AND QUANTITATIVE
1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.
RESEARCH
2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various
issues of life and in giving solutions to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem
SIMILARITIES:
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
AND QUANTITATIVE
4.Both use textual forms in analyzing and
RESEARCH
interpretation of data.
5.Both use inductive and deductive
methods
KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF DESCRIPTIONFIELDS
SAMPLE
INTEREST

Personal 1.The Role of Arts

Arts-Based expression in in Student
Research various art forms Achievement in
is use as a Reading
primary mode of
inquiry 2.How Classroom
Artistic Structure
Motivates Learning
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF FIELDS
DESCRIPTION SAMPLE
INTEREST
Deals with human 1 Values Education
Research in culture such as in the Public
Humanities philosophy, Schools: Practices
religion, literature, and Challenges
linguistics and
history 2. Children In-
Conflict with the
Law: A Resolution
and Intervention
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF
INTEREST
FIELDS
DESCRIPTION SAMPLE

Intended for 1. Student

Sports athletes to endure Involvement in
Research their health and Athletics and
wellness goals their Academic
through proven Performance
high quality
products. 2. Sports and
Fitness Support
on Students in
Public Schools
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS
AREA OF
FIELDS
DESCRIPTION SAMPLE
INTEREST
Discover laws, 1.Utilization of
Science postulates theories Garbage and other
Research that can explain Waste Resources as
natural or social Cleaning Materials
phenomena.
2.Making of COVID
-19 Cure out of
Heat Transfer
 KINDS OF RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELDS
AREA OF DESCRIPTION SAMPLE
INTEREST
Acquire 1.Developing a
Business information in Framework for
Research business to Small Scale
maximize the Business
sales and profit.
2.Business
Practices and
Strategies of Small
Enterprises at 168
Mall
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research directs us to inquire
about the right information by
conducting further investigation of
the actual condition. It leads us to
be cautious in giving results and
findings by proving lies and
supporting the truth.
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research empowers us with
knowledge and discovers
new things and issues in
life. It helps us solve
problems in health, crimes,
business, technology and
environment.
 IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
Research facilitates learning
as an opportunity to share
valuable information to
others as a way of
recognizing various
concerns for public
awareness
REFERENCE

• Melegrito L. and Mendoza D. Applied Research: Introduction to Quantitative Research

Method and Report Writing. Phoenix Publishing House 2016
• Fraenbel, J. Wallen, N., and Hyun, H. 2012. How to design and evaluate research in
education. 2012. USA: Mc-Graw-Hill.
• Creswell, J. 2014. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method
approaches. 4th ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Jesson, J., Matheson, L., and Lacy, F. 2011. Doing your literature review: Traditional and
systematic techniques. Los Angeles: Sage.
•  Baraceros E. Practical Research 2. Rex Publishing House 2016