4. Bài tập 4 .

This second feature did not in the end survive when the competition drawings were
THE POMPIDOU CENTRE turned into a real building. In other ways, however, the finished building demonstrated
More than three decades after it was built, the Pompidou Centre in Paris has survived its a remarkable degree of refinement - of craftsmanship even - in the way the original
moment at the edge of architectural fashion and proved itself to be one of the most diagram was transformed into a superbly detailed structure. It was this quality which,
remarkable buildings of the 20th century. according to some critics, suggested that the Pompidou should be seen as closer to
It was the most outstanding now building constructed in Paris for two generations. It the 19th-century engineering tradition than the space age.
looked like an explosion of brightly coloured service pipes in the calm of the city centre. Nevertheless, as a model for urban planning, it has proved immensely influential. The
However, when in 1977 the architects Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano stood among a Guggenheim in Bilbao* and the many other major landmark projects that were built in
large crowd of 5,000 at the opening of the Centre Culturel d'Art Georges Pompidou the belief that innovatively designed cultural buildings can bring about urban renewal
(known as the Pompidou), no one was really aware of the significance of this unusual are all following the lead of the Pompidou Centre.
building. Other buildings may now challenge it for the title of Europe s most outlandish work of
Rogers was only 38 when he and Piano won the competition to design a new cultural architecture. However, more than a quarter of a century later, this construction - it is
centre for Paris in the old market site. Young, unknown architects, they had been chosen hard to call it a building when there is no façade, just a lattice of steel beams and
from a field of nearly 700 to design one of the most prestigious buildings of its day. After pipes and a long external escalator snaking up the outside - still seems extreme.
six difficult years, with 25,000 drawings, seven lawsuits, battles over budgets, and a Today, the Pompidou Centre itself still looks much as it did when it opened. The shock
desperate last-minute scramble to finish the building, it had finally been done. value of its colour-coded plumbing and its structure has not faded with the years. But
Yet the opening was a downbeat moment. The Pompidou Centre had been rubbished by while traditionalists regarded it as an ugly attack on Paris when it was built, they now
the critics while it was being built, there was no more work in prospect for the architects, see it for what it is - an enormous achievement, technically and conceptually
and their partnership had effectively broken down. But this was just a passing crisis. The Questions 1-4 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Centre, which combined the national museum of modern art, exhibition space, a public 1. What does the writer say in the first paragraph about the opening of the Pompidou
library and a centre for modern music, proved an enormous success. It attracted six Centre?
million visitors in its first year, and with its success, the critics swiftly changed their tune. A. The elderly did not like it.
The architects had been driven by the desire for ultimate flexibility, for a building that B. The architects were not present.
would not limit the movement of its users. All the different parts were approached C. The atmosphere was very noisy.
through the same enormous entrance hall and served by the same escalator, which was D. The people did not realise its importance.
free to anyone to ride, whether they wanted to visit an exhibition or just admire the view. 2. What does the writer say in the second paragraph about the construction of the
With all the services at one end of the building, escalators and lifts at the other, and the Pompidou?
floors hung on giant steel beams providing uninterrupted space the size of two football A. There was a hurry to complete it.
pitches, their dream had become a reality. B. It cost less than expected.
The image of the Pompidou pervaded popular culture in the 1970s, making C. Other experts helped draw the plans.
appearances everywhere - on record-album covers and a table lamp, and even acting D. The market location was criticised.
as the set for a James Bond 1 film. This did much to overcome the secretive nature of 3. What is the writer’s main purpose in the third paragraph?
the architectural culture of its time, as it enabled wider audience to appreciate the style A. to explain the multi-functional role of the centre
and content of the building and so moved away from the strictly professional view. B. to praise the architects for their design ideas
The following year, Rogers was commissioned to design a new headquarters for Lloyd's C. to say why some people’s opinions quickly altered
Bank in London and went on to create one of Britain's most dynamic architectural D. to show how the media benefited from its success
practices. Piano is now among the world's most respected architects. But what of their 4. What was the architects’ ‘dream’, referred to in the fourth paragraph?
shared creation? A. to become famous
It was certainly like no previous museum, with its plans for a flexible interior that not only B. to provide entertainment
had movable walls but floors that could also be adjusted up or down C. to allow visitors to use it freely
D. to build the biggest museum in the world
5. Bài tập 5 WHY DON'T BABIES TALK LIKE ADULTS? Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language
Kids go from 'goo-goo' to talkative one step at a time - By Joshua Hartshorne development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.
A recent e-trade advertisement shows a baby speaking directly to the camera: 'Look at this,’ he These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more mature
says, I'm a free man. I go anywhere I want now.’ He describes his stock-buying activities, and brains with which to tackle the task. Even so, just as with American-born infants, their first
English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft of function words, word
then his phone rings. This advertisement proves what comedians have known for years: few endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-
things are as funny as a baby who talks like an adult. But it also raises an important question: born children, albeit at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started combining
Why don’t young children express themselves clearly like adults? words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further suggesting that
Many people assume children learn to talk by copying what they hear. In other words, they listen what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the number of words
to the words adults use and the situations in which they use them and imitate accordingly. youknow.
Behaviourism, the scientific approach that dominated American cognitive science for the first half This finding - that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk
of the 20th century, made exactly this argument. stage - suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains, but
However, this ’copycat’ theory can’t explain why toddlers aren’t as conversational as adults. After because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be
able to expand their conversations. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-
all, you never hear literate adults express themselves in one-word sentences like ‘bottle’ or
word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.But this
‘doggie’. In fact, it's easy for scientists to show that a copycat theory of language acquisition potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult immigrants who
can’t explain children’s first words. What is hard for them to do is to explain these first words, learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the
and how they fit into the language acquisition pattern. average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a ‘critical
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable possibilities. The first of period’ for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.
these is called the ‘mental-developmental hypothesis’. It states that one-year-olds speak in baby Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it ends.
talk because their immature brains can’t handle adult speech. Children don't learn to walk until 10. What is the writer’s main purpose in the seventh paragraph?
their bodies are ready. Likewise, they don't speak multi-word sentences or use word endings and A. to give reasons why adopted children were used in the study
function words (‘Mummy opened the boxes') before their brains are ready. B. to reject the view that adopted children need two languages
C. to argue that culture affects the way children learn a language
The second is called the ‘stages-of-language hypothesis’, which states that the stages of
D. to justify a particular approach to language learning
progress in child speech are necessary stages in language development. 11. Snedeker, Geren and Shafto based their study on children who
A basketball player can't perfect his or her jump shot before learning to (1) jump and (2) shoot. A. were finding it difficult to learn English.
Similarly, children learn to multiply after they have learned to add. This is the order in which B. had come from a number of language backgrounds.
children are taught - not the reverse. There's evidence, for instance, that children don't usually C. were learning English at a later age than US children.
begin speaking in two-word sentences until they’ve learned a certain number of single words. In D. had taken English lessons in China.
other words, until they’ve crossed that linguistic threshold, the word-combination process doesn't 12. What aspect of the adopted children's language development differed from that of
get going. US-born children?
The difference between these theories is this: under the mental-development hypothesis, A. their first words
B. the way they learnt English
language learning should depend on the child’s age and level of mental development when he or
C. the rate at which they acquired language
she starts learning a language. Linder the stages-of-language hypothesis, however, it shouldn’t D. the point at which they started producing sentences
depend on such patterns, but only on the completion of previous stages. 13. What did the Harvard finding show?
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever A. Not all toddlers use babytalk.
way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the US each year. B. Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English C. Some children need more conversation than others.
more or less the same way infants do - that is, by listening and by trial and error. International D. Not all brains work in the same way.
adoptees don’t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue and 14. When the writer says ‘critical period’, he means a period when.
most of them don’t have a well-developed first language. All of these factors make them an ideal A. studies produce useful results.
B. adults need to be taught like children.
population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language is learned.
C. immigrants want to learn another language.
 Cách làm writing task 2 – cách lấy ví dụ - dạng: discuss both views and give your opinion
Phương pháp lấy ví dụ trong ielts writing task 2 3. Một số cụm từ sử dụng để lấy ví dụ:
1. Tại sao phải lấy ví dụ? Sử dụng “for example” hoặc “for instance”
Lấy ví dụ mục đích là để chứng minh main idea cho rõ ra, giúp cho Main idea gần gũi Vd: For instance, the extinction of a sort of wild wolf may lead to the rise in the
và làm người đọc dễ hiểu hơn number of wild rabbits – the wolves’ source of food.
Chú ý: Ví dụ của thí sinh nên cụ thể, chi tiết đóng vai trò giải thích, không nên đưa một Sử dụng “such as”: như là
ví dụ quá chung chung như vậy cũng không có tác dụng gì → vậy nên có thể nói: câu ví
dụ phải mang tính rõ ràng, cụ thể; giúp người đọc hình dung ngay vấn đề mà không Vd: On a societal level, increased living expenses and other associated issues such
cần đi đường vòng hay suy luận thêm as inflation bring in its wake social disorder and crimes
2. giới thiệu một số cách lấy ví dụ hiệu quả (cre: zim ielts) Sử dụng “namely”: cụ thể là
2. Phương pháp tìm từ khoá – trả lời câu hỏi WH- The given line graph compares the proportion of Australian exports to four different
nations, namely Japan, China, India and the Us, over the 12-year course between
Luận điểm: Technical devices have enabled people to access information much 1990 and 2012.
more quickly. → từ những từ khóa trên, đặt câu hỏi cụ thể và ví dụ là câu trả lời cho
những câu hỏi đó. Sử dụng “Take…as an example”: Lấy…là 1 ví dụ hoặc “to be a good case in point”
“technical devices” => cụ thể là thiết bị điện tử nào (what) Take the predator-prey relationship of wolf and rabbit as an example, the extinction
of a sort of wild wolf may lead to the rise in the number of wild rabbits – the wolves’
+ “information” => cụ thể là thông tin gì (what) source of food.
+ “much more quickly” => cụ thể là nhanh như thế nào (how) Sử dụng “…can be considered a typical example of…”: sẽ được đánh giá là 1 ví dụ
Từ đó, có thể đưa ra câu ví dụ như sau: điển hình

For example, with a phone or a laptop, it just takes people some screen touches or Sử dunjg To illustrate, … / As an illustration, …: để minh họa, thứ gì đó là 1 minh
mouse clicks to get themselves updated with the latest news. họa

2. Lấy ví dụ về kinh nghiệm thực tế của bản thân hoặc người xung quanh Bài tập thực hành :

Chú ý: loại ví dụ này thì đáp ứng được yêu cầu về: dễ lấy, dễ tìm và có tính cụ thể rất 1. Traveling by public transportation is cost-efficient.
cao. Tuy nhiên lại mang tính chủ quan nên đôi khi sẽ không phù hợp với những vấn đề 2. Eating healthy brings lots of benefits for people.
khách quan trong ielts writing task 2 vì chỉ đúng ở 1 khía cạnh nhỏ. Vì vậy không nên
lạm dụng loại ví dụ này mà mỗi bài chỉ nên lấy 1 ví dụ thôi. 3. On the other hand, many people spend their free time doing popular activities
that are far from trendy
VD: Early exposure to foreign languages benefit children’s pronunciation skills greatly.
For instance, my cousin, who has been watching Youtube videos in English since the 4. On the other hand, I believe that most people do not buy products because of
age of two, can imitate English sounds more precisely as compared to her peers. the advertising alone
5. If considerable numbers of people leave school or university at the same time,
 Phân tích bài mẫu band 9 writing task 2
Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a
I. Xác định một số dạng bài successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after
1. Young people who commit crimes should be treated the same way as adults. To school.
what extent do you agree or disagree? Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2. Despite the increased access to education, a significant number of people
cannot read or write. What are the disadvantages and what action should the
government take? When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or
continue their education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after
3. In many countries, more and more young people are leaving school and unable school, I would argue that it is better to go to college or university.
to find jobs after graduation. What problems do you think youth unemployment
will cause to the individual and society? Give reasons and make some
suggestions.
The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many
4. Some people believe that no one should do the same job for all their working young people want to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way, they can
life. Others argue that doing the same job brings advantages for individuals, become independent, and they will be able to afford their own house or start a
companies, and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion. family. In terms of their career, young people who decide to find work, rather than
continue their studies, may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain
5. Thanks to the increase of technology, people today have greater amount of free real experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may
time.What are the advantages and disadvantages of the conveniences created lead to promotions and a successful career.
by modern technology?
6. Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members
of the society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their
Discuss both views and give your opinion. studies. Firstly, academic qualifications are required in many professions. For
example, it is impossible to become a doctor, teacher or lawyer without having the
→ như vậy câu hỏi dạng này có mấy thành tố cần phân tích? relevant degree. As a result, university graduates have access to more and better
II. Bố cục dạng discuss both views and give your opinion job opportunities, and they tend to earn higher salaries than those with fewer
qualifications. Secondly, the job market is becoming increasingly competitive, and
Mở bài: paraphrase lại đề bài ( bao gồm 2 câu: câu 1 viết lại 2 quan điểm và câu số sometimes there are hundreds of applicants for one position in a company. Young
2 nêu rõ mình đồng ý với quan điểm nào ) people who do not have qualifications from a university or college will not be able to
compete.
Thân bài:
Body 1: On the one hand, viết về ý kiến thứ nhất kèm support và ví dụ
Body 2: On the other hand, viết về ý kiến thứ 2 ( chú ý phải khẳng định đây là ý kiến For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be
mình đồng ý ) kèm support và ví dụ successful in their careers if they continue their studies beyond school level.

Kết bài: paraphrase lại đề bài và mở bài ( bao gồm 2 câu: câu 1 viết lại 2 quan điểm
và câu số 2 nêu rõ mình đồng ý với quan điểm nào )
(271 words, band 9)