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Reproductive System of Swine

This document summarizes the reproductive cycle of sows. It discusses the anatomy of the sow's reproductive tract and concepts of the sow's estrous cycle such as its average length of 21 days. Key signs of estrus in sows are also outlined, including mounting, fence walking, and vocalizing behaviors. The document notes that ovulation occurs in mid to late estrus and that around 15-25 eggs are released over 1-4 hours. Methods for detecting standing heat in sows are also provided. The document concludes with a discussion of anestrus as a common problem for sows and general guidelines for minimizing its negative effects through recommended weaning times.

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Jaskhem Lazo
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71 views

Reproductive System of Swine

This document summarizes the reproductive cycle of sows. It discusses the anatomy of the sow's reproductive tract and concepts of the sow's estrous cycle such as its average length of 21 days. Key signs of estrus in sows are also outlined, including mounting, fence walking, and vocalizing behaviors. The document notes that ovulation occurs in mid to late estrus and that around 15-25 eggs are released over 1-4 hours. Methods for detecting standing heat in sows are also provided. The document concludes with a discussion of anestrus as a common problem for sows and general guidelines for minimizing its negative effects through recommended weaning times.

Uploaded by

Jaskhem Lazo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWINE:

REPRODUCTION
SWINE PRODUCTION

JASKHEM B. LAZO PV2D


ANATOMY OF REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
OF SWINE
Reproductive tract of Boar and sow
concept of a sow's Estrous cycle
• 1. Non-seasonal and polyestrous
• 2. Estrous cycle: 18-24 days(21 days average)
• 3. Behaviorally anestrus during pregnancy
• 4. Ovulatory estrus is usually not seen in lactating sow
• 5. Gonadotropin (Partial weaning) treatment induce estrus during
• lactation
• * Results are inconsistent and not economical
• 6.Normal uterine physiology re-established by 20-25 days
• postpartum
concept of a sow's Estrous cycle
• 7. Most sows exhibit estrus 3-7 days after weaning
• 8. Estrus in gilts and post-weaning anestrus sows are initiated by
• exogenous hormones
• *Note: Exogenous hormones should not be used at long term solution
in addressing reproductive inefficiency
•
factors Affecting ovarian activity
• 1. Length of Lactation
• 2. Nutrition
• 3. Body condition
• 4. Genetics
• 5. Other management practices
• * NOTE: ESTRUS of:
• - GILT(~36-48 hrs.) - SOW(≥48-72 hrs.)
signs of estrous in swine
• 1. Mounting • *NOTES:

• 2. Fence walking • - Ovulation generally occurs in mid to


late estrus
• 3. Vocalizing • - ~15-25 ova are released over a period
• of 1-4 hrs
4. Tilted ears
• - Ovulation rate INCREASES over the
• 5. Kyphosis FIRST FOUR PARITIES and
DECREASES when Gilts or sows are
• 6. Vulvar swelling UNDERNOURISHED
• 5. Vaginal discharge • - Behavioral changes are mostly
observed when a sownor gilt is exposed
directly to the sight, sound, odor and
attention of a mature boar
standing heat in pigs
• 1. Rigid • HEAT DETECTION
METHODS:
• 2. Immobile
• 1. Haunch pressure test
• 3. Receptive when exposed to boar
• • 2. Riding the back test
*NOTE:
• -Physical changes such as vulvar • 3. Teaser boar method
swelling and vaginal discharge are • 4. Semen on the snout test
often unreliable because it
commonly appear to develop 2-3
days before estrus
ANESTRUS- COMMON PROBLEM IN SWINE
- THE FIRST LITTER OR THE EARLY WEANED SOW
ARE USUALLY
VULNERABLE TO POST WEANING ANESTRUS

GENERAL GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NEGATIVE


EFFECT OF EARLY WEANING ON SOW
REPRODUCTION
Recommended weaning time:
- Not less than 14-16 days into lactation- Primaporpous sow
- Not less than 12-14 days into lactation- Sows in their second
litter
- Not less than 9-11 days into lactation- Sows on their third
HORMONAL CONTROL OF ESTROUS CYCLE

-Sows: GnRH analogue is administered 83-96 hours after weaning

-Breeding of both Gilt and Sow is then performed 20-33 hours after the GnRH administration
(depends of the product and the route of administration)

-Exogenous prostaglandin induces luteolysis of corpus luteum only after day 12 of estrous
cycle(not practical agent for estrous cycle control)
*NOTE: Estrus may be synchronized by induction of abortion in sows pregnant >15 days by
administration of PG5 ²a

-Estrus maybe synchronized by feeding altrenogest 15-20 mg PO daily for 14-18 days with estrus
being a served 4-9 days after last dose with appropriate boar exposure

-Combinatuin of eCG & hCG may be given on the day of progestragen withdrawal to better
synchronized estrous
THANK YOU SO MUCH DR. TRICIA!
Submitted and prepared by: Jaskhem B. Lazo PV2D
Submitted to: Dr. Tricia Lagumen Lukban, DVM

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