Practical Research 1 4th Quarter

PATTERNS AND THEMES

OF DATA COLLECTED
Learning Objectives:

infers and explains patterns and themes from data.

(CS_RS11-IVd-f-2)
relates the findings with pertinent literature.
(CS_RS11-IVd-f-3)
Pattern this is actually the utmost concern of
qualitative research to look for patterns, themes, or
constructs. You can generate concepts or construct
by comparing and contrasting the data collected
and sorting out until you can be able to find patterns
and dividing them into themes.
Key Event these are specific and prominent events or
phenomena that occurred in a certain group. If your study is
aiming to describe and analyzed a culture of a group key
events that occurred in a group you are studying can provide
the necessary information. This can also provide an
understanding of the group and can help you to relate the
culture of the group others.

Example: Fire in a school building, a new teaching method

and others.
Visual Representation is very useful tool in
presenting and understanding the results in a
qualitative research. This better presents any
system, patterns, interaction or relationship that
could be generated from the data. Visuals
representation can be done in the form of maps,
graphic organizer, organizational charts.
Statistics is the use of numbers in a quantitative
research but in qualitative research, numbers are
not necessary. However, there are some responses
or data in which statistics is needed such as
percentage and frequency.
Triangulation of Data establishes the validity
of data, the data that you have collected
usually comes from at least three perspective:
observations, interviews and document
analysis
Observation Notes:

The day of a blind street musician starts as early as 6 in the

morning and ends 8 in the evening. Using the guitar, amplifier and
his simple microphone, he started his first song. People in the
train station are passing even hardly noticing the blind singer.
Few people will pause a while to listen and give coins but after a
while, will continue to walk to their destination. Though few or
more people will stop to listen to him, his enthusiasm for singing
does not change. This is the typical day of a blind street musician.
Transcribed responses from the interview:

The street musician is born with a good eyesight. He became

blind when he was 8 years old after suffering from a high fever.
His parents were also blind. Before coming to “work”, he
manages to practice his repertoire of songs. Ms. are themed with
hope and inspirations. When asked why he is singing in a train
station, his reply was: “So that many people can listen to the
messages of the songs despite their busy and fast paced life.
 As an ethnographer, you are to make constructs based
on the above passage, Write these constructs and make a
pattern from these constructs.

The given sample above will guide you on how you are
going to plot the gathered data.
 2 Ways of Qualitative Data Analysis

1. Content Analysis

• It is used to categorize oral or spoken words, or a

persons conduct or behavior, grouping,
codification and tabulation.

• This technique could be used when qualitative

data had been collected through interviews, focus
group, observations and documentary analyses.
 2 Ways of Qualitative Data Analysis

2. Thematic Analysis

• A form of pattern recognition within the data.

• It provides a simple interpretation and concise

description of themes and patterns in the data set

• The general procedure involves a careful review of

the raw data.
 Differences between the Content Analysis
and Thematic Analysis
1. Content Analysis focuses more on how frequently
various categorize appear or occur while thematic
analysis is involved in identifying themes and
analyzing each theme to build up the whole picture
of the data

2. Thematic analysis can be more in-depth and

broader in analysis and understanding
 Differences between the Content Analysis
and Thematic Analysis

3. Content analysis can be used for both qualitative

and quantitative data while thematic analysis is
mainly used for qualitative research

4. Content analysis is focused on codes while

thematic analysis is more focused on themes.
 Multiple Choice

1.If a researcher works at a cafeteria and

observes the waiters, this is an example of

a. interview
b. observation
c. focus group
d. document review
 Multiple Choice
2. Qualitative research involves looking at

a. numerical data
b. non-numerical data
c. categorical data
d. statistical data
 Multiple Choice
3. Which of the following data collection
technique is not applicable for qualitative
research?
a. observations
b. interviews
c. questionnaire
d. focus group discussion
 Identification

4. A very useful tool in presenting

and understanding the results in a
qualitative research
 Identification

5. The utmost concern of

qualitative research is to look for
patterns, themes, or constructs.
 Identification

6. The use of numbers in a quantitative

research is necessary but in qualitative
research, numbers are not necessary.
 Identification

7. It is used to categorize oral or spoken

words, or a person’s conduct of behaviour,
sorting, grouping, codification and
tabulations.
 Identification

8. specific and prominent events or

phenomena that occurred in a
certain group
 TRUE OR FALSE

9. Content analysis is focused on

themes while thematic analysis is more
focused on codes.
 TRUE OR FALSE

10. Thematic analysis can be more in-

depth and broader in analysis and
understanding
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. Visual Representation
5. Pattern
6. Statistics
7. Content Analysis
8. Key Event
9. False
10. True