ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE
INTRODUCTION
• Artificial
Intelligence is
simulation of
human intelligence
in machines that
are programmed to
think, learn, and
problem-solve like
humans.
• AI typically require
human intelligence
such as visual
perception, speech
recognition,
decision-making,
and language
translation.
• AI has the
potential to
revolutionize many
industries and has a
wide range of
applications, from
virtual personal
assistants to self-
driving cars. Confidential C
HISTORY OF AI

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 APPLICATION OF
AI IN BUSINESS
AI is used in many fields for day to day
application, making our lives easier than
before. The world of Business is one such
field where Artificial Intelligence is widely
used. AI can help any business in three
fields: automating business processes,
gaining insight through data analysis, and
engaging with customers and employees.

AI Applications in Business

1. Hiring and Recruitment

2. Cybersecurity
3. Market
4. Virtual Assistants and Conversational
prediction
Interfaces
5. Targeted Marketing

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 APPLICATION OF AI IN EDUCATION

❖ Artificial Intelligence (AI) has numerous

applications in education, revolutionizing the
way students learn, teachers teach, and
educational institutions operate. Here are some
key applications of AI in education
❖ According to EdTech Magazine, research
predicts use of AI in the education sector to
grow 47.5%.

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 APPLICATION OF AI IN
LAW

Video Surveillance
Facial Recognition
Predictive Policing
Crime Pattern Analysis
predicting crime hotspots
Voice Analysis
Automated License Plate Recognition

Data Analysis and Intelligence Gathering

Cybersecurity and Fraud Detection

Sentencing and Parole Decisions
Investigative Support
Detection of bomb/gun fire
Pre-trial Release & Parole
Non-violent Crimes
Understanding criminal behavior

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 NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING
❑Natural Language Processing is a field of
study within artificial intelligence and
computational linguistics
❑It focuses on the interaction between
computers and human language.

COMPUTER
SCIENCE NLP LINGUISTICS

The interdisciplinary of computer

science and linguistics is called as
Natural language processing as shown
in above diagram.

NLP has numerous real-world

applications, including search engines,
virtual assistants, chatbots, email
filters, social media analysis, language
translation services, and more.

With advancements in deep learning

and the availability of large text
datasets.

NLP has seen significant progress in

recent years and continues to be an
active area of research and
development.
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COMPUTER VISION
It will enabling the Computer to
extract meaningful information
from visual data, such as images and
videos.

It aims to replicate the human visual

system's ability to understand and
interpret visual information

This techniques involve processing

and analyzing visual data to extract
relevant features, patterns, and
structures

Object recognition is a fundamental task

in computer vision, which involves
identifying and classifying objects within
an image or video.

It aims to detect and recognize specific

objects of interest, such as faces,
vehicles, or everyday objects.

Image analysis is another important

application of computer vision. It
involves extracting meaningful
information and insights from images.
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 Machine Learning
Machine learning is a subfield of artificial
intelligence (AI) that focuses on the
development of algorithms .

This models that enable computers to learn

&make predictions or decisions without being
explicitly programmed.

There are several types of machine learning

algorithms, but two fundamental categories are
supervised learning and unsupervised learning.

Supervised Learning: In supervised learning, the

algorithm is trained on a labeled dataset, where
each data sample is associated with a known
target value or label.
Examples of supervised learning algorithms
include linear regression, decision trees, support
vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural
networks (ANN).
Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning
involves training algorithms on unlabeled data,
where the task is to discover hidden patterns or
structures in the data.

Supervised and unsupervised learning are often

used together in real-world applications.

there are other specialized types of machine

learning, such as semi-supervised learning,
reinforcement learning, and deep learning,
which further extend the capabilities of AI
systems.
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 DEEP LEARNING
⮚Deep learning is a subset of machine learning
that focuses on the development and
application of artificial neural networks,
particularly deep neural networks (DNNs).
⮚Neural networks are computational models
composed of interconnected nodes, called
neurons. The connections between neurons,
called weights.
⮚Deep neural networks (DNNs) are neural
networks with multiple hidden layers, allowing
them to learn complex patterns .
⮚The process of training a deep neural network
involves two main steps:
• Forward Propagation: During forward
propagation, the input data is passed through
the layers of the network, and the computations
are performed to generate an output
• Backpropagation: After forward propagation, the
output of the network is compared to the
desired output, and an error or loss function is
calculated.
⮚Deep learning offers several advantages. It can
automatically learn features from raw data,
eliminating the need for manual feature
engineering.
⮚Overall, deep learning and deep neural
networks have revolutionized AI by enabling
systems to learn complex representations and
achieve state-of-the-art performance in various
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 REINFORCEMENT
LEARNING
❖Reinforcement learning is a subfield of
artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on
developing algorithms and models.
❖In reinforcement learning, an agent
interacts with an environment in a
sequential manner.

❖At each step, the agent perceives the

current state of the environment and takes
an action.
❖ The environment then transitions to a new
state, and the agent receives feedback in
the form of a reward or penalty, which
reflects the desirability of its action.
❖The objective of the agent is to learn a
policy, which is a mapping from states to
actions, that maximizes its cumulative
rewards over time.
❖One commonly used algorithm in
reinforcement learning is called Q-learning.
❖The agent updates the Q-values based on
the received rewards and uses the updated
values to make decisions about which
actions to take in different states.
❖Reinforcement learning has found
numerous applications in various domains,
including gaming and robotics. Confidential C
 ARTIFICAL INTELLIGANCE
• The development of artificial intelligence
systems that can provide transparent and
understandable explanations for their
decisions and outputs.
• AI aims to bridge this gap by enabling
humans to comprehend and trust the
decision-making process of AI systems.
• The importance of explainable AI lies in
several key aspects:
1.Trust and Transparency
2.Regulatory Compliance.
3.Bias and Fairness
• Medicine: In the field of medicine it can be
applied to enhance diagnosis, treatment,
and drug development and image-based
diagnostics.
• Additionally, it can help in predicting patient
outcomes and identifying risk factors by
revealing the key features or variables that
influenced the model's predictions.
• Finance: In finance, explainable AI can
assist in various areas, including credit
scoring, fraud detection, and investment
decisions and AI is also useful in fraud
detection systems
• . By providing explanations for flagged
transactions or suspicious activities, XAI
techniques help investigators understand the
factors that triggered fraud alerts.
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 ETHICS IN AI
BIAS

`No discrimination Based

on gender, race or caste

PRIVACY

Ensure there is no
leak of confidential

information

ACCOUNTABILITY

The teams working with AI must own the

responsibility of the decisions taken and
the consequences

TRANSPARENCY

Ensure the compliance

with the normal
moralities
SAFETY

Control on what the data is used

On what context. Confidential C
IMPACT OF AI IN
WORKFORCE

⮚AI ENGINEERING
⮚DISTRIBUTED
CLOUD AND EDGE
COMPUTING
⮚PRIVACY
COMPUTATION
⮚5G
⮚INTELLIGENT
BUSINESS
PROCESS AND
VENDOR
PLATFORM
⮚INTERNET OF
BEHAVIOURS
⮚HYPER
AUTOMATION
⮚REMOTE
WORKSPACE
⮚ZERO TRUST AND
CYBERSECURITY
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 AI AND CREATIVITY
Here are some examples of how AI is being applied in
these creative domains:
⮚ Art Generation: AI can analyze vast datasets of
existing art and then create new pieces based on
learned patterns and styles. Artists can collaborate
with AI, using it as a tool to inspire and augment
their creative process.
⮚ Music Composition: AI-generated music can
range from classical compositions to contemporary
genres. It can also assist musicians in creating
melodies, harmonies, and even entire
arrangements, serving as a collaborator or a
source of inspiration.
⮚ Literature and Writing: AI can generate written
content, including poetry, short stories, and even
novels. Some AI-powered tools assist writers by
suggesting phrasing, improving grammar, or
providing alternative wording choices.
⮚ The implications of AI in creative fields like art,
music, and literature are multifaceted:
▪ Expanding Creative Possibilities
▪ Blurring the Boundaries
▪ Democratization of Creativity
▪ Loss of Authenticity
▪ Human-AI Collaboration
⮚ It is important to recognize that human creativity is
deeply rooted in emotions, experiences, and
consciousness.
⮚ The human element remains crucial in infusing art,
music, and literature with meaning, context, and
subjective interpretations that reflect the human
condition.

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AI AND SOCIETY

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 AI IN TRANSPORTATION
❑ AI is playing a significant role in the
advancement of robotics, particularly in the
fields of autonomous vehicles and drones.
❑ AI is being used in these areas and the
implications it holds for the future of
transportation:

Autonomous Vehicles

Object Detection and Recognition

Path Planning and Navigation

Predictive Maintenance

Traffic Management and

Optimization

Implications for the Future of Transportation:

Improved Safety

Increased Efficiency

Job Displacement and

Workforce Changes

Enhanced Accessibility
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 AI IN CLIMATE CHANGE
AND BIO DIVERSITY

❖ Scientists are looking for solutions to better monitor

our planet’s biodiversity and support climate action.
❖ AI) technologies are useful to scale current solutions as
innovate with new approaches reaching across time.
❖ “AI has a lot to contribute to biodiversity” says Bernd
Meyer, Associate Dean at the Faculty of IT at Monash
University.
❖ It can help solve the problem of data scarcity by
easing collection, connection and interpretation of
data.

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 AI AND HUMAN
AUGUMENTATION
AI has the potential to significantly augment human
capabilities, and two promising avenues for achieving
this are through brain-computer interfaces and
exoskeletons.

1.Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): It establish direct

communication pathway between the brain and an
external device, allowing users to control machines or
interact with digital systems using their thoughts. AI can
play a crucial role in decoding and interpreting neural
signals.

a. Prosthetic Control:
❑ empowers individuals with limb loss or paralysis by
enabling them to control prosthetic limbs using their
thoughts.
❑ Advanced machine learning algorithms can learn the
user's intentions, translate them into commands, and
generate precise movements in the prosthetic limb,
restoring dexterity and independence.

b. Assistive Communication:
❑ People with severe motor disabilities, such as locked-in
syndrome, can use BCIs to communicate with others.
❑ This technology can improve the quality of life for those
with limited or no ability to speak or move.

2.Exoskeletons: Exoskeletons are wearable robotic

devices that augment human physical abilities, enhancing
strength, endurance, and mobility. AI can optimize the
performance and usability of exoskeletons in the following
ways:
✔ Intelligent Control
✔ Ergonomics and Safety
✔ Skill Acquisition
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 AI IN GAMING
❖The four game level generation of
gaming in AI are listed in below diagram

❖ AI is also transforming game design.

❖ This data-driven approach helps game
designers optimize gameplay mechanics,
balance difficulty levels, and tailor
experiences to individual players.
❖ Furthermore, AI is enabling more realistic
and immersive gaming experiences
through techniques like machine learning
and computer vision.
❖ AI-powered characters can exhibit more
realistic behaviors, adapt to player actions,
and interact with the game world in a more
lifelike manner.
❖ AI is also used for facial and gesture
recognition, allowing players to control
games through natural movements,
enhancing the overall gaming experience.

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 APPLICATION OF AI
IN FINANCE

Credit card and Anti-fraud Risk

loan decisions system management

Stock market
Sales forecasting Trading
predictions

Personalized Process
Robo-advice
banking automation

Customer Algorithmic
Chat-box
recommendations trading

Portfolio
automation

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 AI IN POLITICS
Election Forecasting:

• AI is being utilized to analyze vast amounts of data,

including polling data, social media trends, demographic
information, and historical election results to generate
predictions and forecasts for electoral outcomes.
• These AI-powered models can offer insights into voting
patterns, identify swing districts, and estimate the likelihood
of candidate success.
• Election forecasting with AI can provide valuable
information to campaigns and political strategists, aiding in
resource allocation and targeting efforts.

Political Messaging:

• AI is being leveraged to analyze and generate political

messages, tailoring them to specific demographics and
individuals.
• AI algorithms can examine vast amounts of data, such as
social media posts, news articles, and public sentiment.
• To identify key issues, craft persuasive messaging, and target
specific voter groups.
• This personalized approach to political communication aims
to maximize engagement and support.

Implications for Democracy:

• The increasing use of AI in politics has both positive and
negative implications for democracy.
• On the positive side, AI can facilitate more informed
decision-making by providing data-driven insights to
policymakers and candidates.
• It can also enable political campaigns to reach a wider
audience, engage citizens more effectively, and encourage
participation.
• Additionally, AI can streamline administrative processes,
improving efficiency in areas such as voter registration,
fraud detection, and ballot counting.
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AI AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
AI is being employed by
state actors, both
defensively and offensively,
Cyberwarfare in the domain of
cyberwarfare.

Offensive Defensive Attribution

Capabilities Measures &
Défense
AI is also shaping
Diplomacy diplomatic efforts and
international relations in
various ways.

Decision Natural Social

Support Language Media
Processing Monitoring
Implications for Global security:.
⮚ Security Challenges: The increasing reliance on
AI in cyber operations raises concerns regarding
the potential for autonomous cyberattacks, where
AI systems operate without human oversight.
⮚ Attribution and Accountability: As AI systems
become more sophisticated, attributing
cyberattacks to specific actors becomes more
challenging.
⮚ Arms Race and Inequality: This may lead to an
arms race, where nations with greater AI
capabilities gain a strategic advantage with
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 AI and Space Exploration
• AI-powered autonomous rovers, like
NASA's Mars rovers use computer vision,
machine learning, and decision-making
algorithms to navigate and explore the
Autonomous Martian surface.
Rovers

• AI algorithms are employed to

analyze vast amounts of image data
Image Analysis captured by space telescopes and
and Object satellites.
Recognition

• These robots can perform tasks such as

maintenance, repairs, and experiments,
reducing the workload on astronauts and
Robotic enabling more efficient operations in
space.
Assistants

• AI is being utilized in planning and executing

missions to the Moon. For instance, NASA's
VIPER (mission will use AI to guide its
Lunar exploration, search for water ice, and
autonomously navigate the lunar surface.
Exploration

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Limitations and Ethical Concerns of AI

• AI systems are trained on vast

amounts of data, and if the data used
for training is biased or reflects
Data Bias societal prejudices, the AI system can
inadvertently perpetuate those biases.

• Some AI models, such as deep

learning neural networks, can be
Lack of complex and difficult to interpret.
Transparency • This opacity can hinder trust and
accountability.

• AI and automation technologies

have the potential to automate
job certain tasks and replace human
Displacement workers in various industries.

• Malicious actors can use AI

algorithms to automate cyber-
Security Risks attacks, create deepfakes, or
develop autonomous weapons
systems.

• This raises concerns about privacy

Privacy and data protection, especially when
data is collected without informed
Concerns consent or used for purposes beyond
its original intent.

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