SUB-CLAUSE’S EXPLANATION

Created By:
Yeshaya Vidrawata Thanisia
Nicholas Garcia Hutauruk
Gerardus Moreno Andianca
XI IPS
 NOUN CLAUSE

• A noun clause is a dependent clause that takes the place of any noun in the
sentence, whether they are subjects, object, or subject complements.
Ex: She was saddened by what she read.
In the text above the noun clause what she had read is being used as the object of
the preposition by. This is only but one example, as there are many different ways
that noun clauses can be used.
 THE FIVE FUNCTIONS OF NOUN
CLAUSES

- Subject: Noun clauses can function as subjects of sentences.

Ex: Why my pet tiger stares at me all day is beyond me.
At the underlined text, the noun clause acts as a single subject of the independent
clause.
- Direct Object: Noun clauses can also function as direct objects of the verb in
the independent clause.
Ex: When my child goes to the daycare, I do not know what she does, but she
always has the best time
At the underlined text, the noun clause what she does is acting as the direct object
of the verb know.
- Indirect object: Noun clauses can also act as indirect objects of the verb in the
independent clause.
Ex: He chose to kill whomever was willing to die for him.
At the underlined text, the direct object of the verb chose is the infinitive phrase
to kill. Just like a noun clause, this infinitive phrase is acting like the noun direct
object. Therefore, the noun clause whomever was willing to die for him is the
indirect object of the same verb.
- Object of the preposition: Other times, noun clauses can act as the object of a
preposition in the independent clause.
Ex: I like to keep a schedule of when I have upcoming date’s
At the underlined text, the noun clause when I have upcoming date’s is acting as
the object of the preposition of.
- Subject Complement: Lastly, noun clauses can act as subject complements, or
nouns that follow linking verbs.
Ex: Actors can become whomever they want to be on the stage
At the underlined text, the noun clauses whomever they want to be is the subject
complement of the linking verbs become
 3 TI PS FO R U N D E RS TA N D I N G
N O U N C LA U S ES

Tips #1: Noun Clauses can replace any noun in a sentence,

including subjects, objects, and complements.
Ex: No one knows why he is afraid of women.
At the sentence above, the noun clause replaces the direct
object of the verb, knows.
Tips #2: Noun Clauses are not modifiers ; they are
placeholders.
Ex: Noun Clause (acting as a subject): when he will arrive
is dependent on traffic.
Adverbial Clause (acting as an adverb): when she arrives,
we will eat dinner.
As you can see it is easy to confuse these different types of
dependent clauses with one another
Tips #3: Noun Clauses always begin with either
interrogative pronouns or expletives
Ex: The retainer did not know what would make his life
any more perfect.
The underlined clause in the sentence above begins with the
interrogative pronoun, what, making it a true noun clause
that is acting as the direct object of the verb, know
 • In grammar expletives are words that have no
grammatical function in a sentence other than
to signal the start of a noun clause. Common
expletives are that, whether, and if
Ex: As his master drank their tea, the retainer
wondered if they would all hike to the
NOUN CLAUSES CAN ALSO waterfall today.
BEGIN WITH EXPLETIVES
Even though the expletive if is necessary in
understanding the noun clause, it still has no
(NO, NOT CURSE WORDS!!)
grammatical purpose in the sentence other than
to connect the noun clause to the verb
wondered.
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

• What is the adjective clause

Adjective clause modifies noun. We used adjective clause and also called relative
clauses to identify or give additional information about nouns (people, places,
things). Adjective clauses begin with one of the relative pronouns such as who,
whom, whose, where, that, which, and why.
Example:
The students who are in the class are going to have an English lesson.
adjective clause

Who are in the class, modifies the noun the students’.

 WHO

Relative pronoun and relative clauses of who. Who refers to people, used as subject in the
clause.
Example:
1. They helped the woman. She got hurt.
If we combine between in two sentences into one. There will be:
They helped the woman who got hurt.

2. Have you seen the man. The man is walking in one of the big bank.
If we combine between in two sentences into one. There will be:
Have you seen the man who is walking in one of the big bank?
 WHOM

Whom refers to people, used as object or object of preposition

Example:
1. The people gave us iced tea. We visited.
If we combine between two sentences into one. There will be:
The people whom is visited gave us iced tea.

2. I was invited by my friends. My friend met me at the Christmas party.

If we combine between two sentences into one. There will be:
I was invited by my friends whom met me at the Christmas party.
 WHICH OR THAT

Which or that refers to animals or things. 3. The lion escaped last night. It was captured.
Example If we combine between two sentences into one. There will be:
The lion that escaped last night was captured.
1. Lee bought the watch. The watch was cheap.
4. The mall is in Bekasi. The mall is very tall
If we combine between two sentences into one. There will
If we combine between two sentences into one. There will be:
be:
The mall which is in Bekasi is very tall.
The watch which Lee bought was cheap.
The sentences using which is more formal than the one with that.

2. She wears the ring. The ring is from her grandmother.

If we combine between two sentences into one. There will
be:
The ring that she wears is from her grandmother.
 WHOSE

Whose refers to possession or ownership.

Example:
1. Mr. Wang is person whose job is to sell the cars.
2. The mother whose child is missing is very sad.
 WHERE

Where is used to combine to sentences that describe the place.

Example:
1. I want to take my sister to an Italian restaurant where the pizzas are very
expensive.
2. This is the house where I lived when I was a child.
 WHEN

Whe is used to combine two sentences that describe the time.

Example:
1. I will never forget the day when I graduated
2. Night is the time of day when it is dark outside.
 WHY

Why is used to combine two sentences that describe some cases.

Example:
1. Do you know why I can’t go on vacation next week?
2. Why is Carren threating me like this?
 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

• An adverbial clause, sometimes referred to as an adverb clause, is a group of words

that, together, functions as an adverb. This means that the clause describes or modifies
a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Unlike other types of clauses, an adverbial clause is
always a dependent clause. This means that it cannot stand on its own as an
independent sentence.
• Adverbial clauses make sentences richer by providing additional context and description
that standard adverbs cannot. See how adverbial clauses and adverbs compare in these
examples:
1. He bakes cakes weekly.
2. He bakes cakes before he leaves for work every Sunday.
3. Eagerly, my brother agreed to the business proposal.
 TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Adverbial clauses come in many different forms. Each of these forms is characterized
by the nature of the information the clause is communicating.

1. Adverbial clauses of manner 2. Adverbial clauses of condition

An adverbial clause of manner describes how • With an adverbial clause of condition, you can
the action described in the sentence’s main communicate the conditions related to the
clause is taking place or previously took verb, adverb, or adjective in the sentence’s
place. examples: main clause. examples :
•  
• She addressed the crowd as she had
practiced in the mirror. • -We’ll be sitting in the conference room until
they tell us to leave.
• They designed the new product the way
innovators problem-solve around design • -Whether my husband likes it or not, we’ll be
flaws. celebrating Thanksgiving at my parents’ house.
 TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

• 3. Adverbial clauses of condition • 4. Adverbial clauses of reason

• With an adverbial clause of condition, • Adverbial clauses of reason tell us the
you can communicate the conditions reason for the action being taken in the
related to the verb, adverb, or adjective sentence’s main clause. These clauses
in the sentence’s main clause. examples : generally use subordinating conjunctions
• -We’ll be sitting in the conference room like because, unless, and since. examples :
until they tell us to leave. • -We adopted these two cats because they
• -Whether my husband likes it or not, are a bonded pair.
we’ll be celebrating Thanksgiving at my • -He’s amazing at billiards since he spent
parents’ house.
his youth working in a pool hall.
 TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

• 5. Adverbial clauses of time • 6. Adverbial clauses of purpose

• Adverbial clauses of time communicate • Like adverbial clauses of reason, adverbial clauses
when the action in a sentence takes of purpose frequently involve subordinating
conjunctions. adverbial clauses of purpose
place:
explain the reason to take a specific action.
• -Before she got home, she called and examples:
ordered a pizza. •  
• -They assembled, dressed, and marched • -We studied all night so we would pass the exam.
out as the band played. • -So that they could ease the traffic flow, the event
organizers split the group into three cohorts.
 TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

7. Adverbial clauses of comparison 8. Adverbial clause of concession

• Adverbial clauses of comparison are clauses • In an adverbial clause of concession, the
that communicate how the subject of the writer acknowledges or admits a factor that
dependent clause compares to the subject in modifies the main clause. Take a look at
the main clause. There are two types of these adverbial clauses of concession:
adverbial clauses of comparison: adverbial • -Despite how I had good intentions, the
clauses of comparison of degree and adverbial
interaction went horribly wrong.
clauses of comparison of manner. examples :
• -The department head hired the first person
• -Felix is as good at video games as he is good
they interviewed, though twenty people
at weight lifting.
applied for the job.
• -We expected the afternoon class to perform
better on the test than the morning class did.