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Set Notation and Venn Diagrams

This document introduces sets, set notation, and Venn diagrams. It defines key set concepts such as subsets, unions, intersections, and the empty set. Set notation uses symbols like curly brackets {} and operators like ∪ and ∩ to represent sets and relationships. Venn diagrams visually depict sets as circles and their intersections and unions through overlapping areas. The document provides examples to illustrate set notation and how Venn diagrams represent different set relationships.

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Hassaan Siddiqui
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26 views

Set Notation and Venn Diagrams

This document introduces sets, set notation, and Venn diagrams. It defines key set concepts such as subsets, unions, intersections, and the empty set. Set notation uses symbols like curly brackets {} and operators like ∪ and ∩ to represent sets and relationships. Venn diagrams visually depict sets as circles and their intersections and unions through overlapping areas. The document provides examples to illustrate set notation and how Venn diagrams represent different set relationships.

Uploaded by

Hassaan Siddiqui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set Notation and Venn

Diagrams
Introduction
Welcome to our presentation on set notation and Venn diagrams.
Today, we will explore the basics of sets and how we can represent them
using symbols and diagrams.
Sets
A set is a collection of objects or elements.
We use sets to group related items together.
For example, a set of fruits may include apples, oranges, and bananas.
Set Notation
• Set notation is a way to represent sets using symbols.
• The symbol for a set is { }.
• For example, if we have a set of even numbers, we can write it as {2,
4, 6, 8, ...}.
Subset
• A subset is a set that contains only some of the elements of another set.
• If all the elements of one set are also in another set, we say that the
first set is a subset of the second set.
• We use the symbol ⊆ to represent a subset.
• For example, if we have a set A = {1, 2, 3} and a set B = {1, 2, 3, 4},
then A is a subset of B (A ⊆ B).
Proper Subset
• A proper subset is a subset that contains some, but not all, of the
elements of another set.
• We use the symbol ⊂ to represent a proper subset.
• For example, if we have a set A = {1, 2} and a set B = {1, 2, 3}, then A
is a proper subset of B (A ⊂ B).
Union
• The union of two sets is a set that contains all the elements from both
sets, without repetition.
• We use the symbol ∪ to represent the union.
• For example, if we have set A = {1, 2} and set B = {2, 3}, then the
union of A and B is {1, 2, 3} (A ∪ B).
Intersection
• The intersection of two sets is a set that contains only the elements that
are common to both sets.
• We use the symbol ∩ to represent the intersection.
• For example, if we have set A = {1, 2} and set B = {2, 3}, then the
intersection of A and B is {2} (A ∩ B).
Universal Set
• The universal set is the set that contains all possible elements in a
given context.
• It is often represented by the symbol ξ or U.
• For example, if we are considering the set of all students in a school,
the universal set would be the set of all students in that school.
Empty Set
• The empty set, also known as the null set, is a set that contains no
elements.
• We represent the empty set using the symbol ∅ .
• For example, if we have a set A = { } where there are no elements,
then A is the empty set (∅ ).
Venn Diagrams
• Venn diagrams are visual representations of sets using overlapping
circles.
• They help us understand relationships between sets and their elements.
Example Venn Diagram:
• Display a Venn diagram with two overlapping circles representing sets
A and B.
• Label the circles as A and B.
Intersection in Venn Diagrams
• In a Venn diagram, the intersection of sets A and B is represented by
the overlapping region of the circles.
• This region contains the elements that are common to both sets.
Union in Venn Diagrams
• In a Venn diagram, the union of sets A and B is represented by the
combined area of the circles.
• This area includes all the elements from both sets without repetition.
Conclusion
• Sets, set notation, and Venn diagrams are valuable tools for
understanding and visualizing relationships between objects or
elements.
• By using symbols and diagrams, we can effectively represent and
analyze sets.
• We hope this presentation has provided a clear understanding of set
notation and Venn diagrams.

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