GROUP- 2

TWO AND THREE WHEELED

VEHICLE

ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION
 Well come to
presentation class of Group-2
 IGNITION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION TO IGNITION SYSTEM

The primary purpose of the ignition system of a small gasoline engine is to provide sufficient electrical voltage to
discharge a spark between the electrodes of the spark plug.

All motorcycles currently use a spark plug and high voltage spark to ignite the air-fuel charge in the combustion
chamber.
The ignition system must be capable of producing above 10,000 volts to force electrical current (electrons) across
the spark plug gap.

The ignition system must be able to:

1.Rapidly develop high voltage necessary to fire a plug.
2. Have the spark occur at exactly the right time in the power cycle.
3. Be able to repeat the cycle millions of times without service.
4. Function properly over a wide variety of temperatures, moisture levels, and rpm.

Several systems are used on different kinds of bikes, including magneto ignition, battery coil ignition, and
capacitator discharge ignition.
Battery Coil Ignition system
parts of the battery coil ignition system include an ignition coil with two windings, a current supply, a set
of points, points cam, a capacitor, and the spark plug set up.
Battery
This is the source of direct current used to power the system.
Ignition Coil
The coil is composed of a primary winding of relatively heavy copper wire (0.5 to 1.0 mm) wound around
a laminated soft iron core, and a secondary winding with many more turns of fine copper wire (0.05 to 0.1
mm) wound over the primary winding.
Points
The points act as a heavy duty switch to allow current to flow through circuit.
Capacitor
This is also called a condenser- a storage unit for electricity.
Points Cam
The points cam is a mechanically rotated ramp for opening and closing the points.
Spark Plug
The plug provides an accurate electrically insulated air gap in the combustion chamber.
How does it work?

All of these parts work together in this sequence to produce the timed ignition spark.

Current is supplied from the battery through ground, through the points when they are in the closed position, through
the primary winding of the coil to the positive terminal of the battery.

The current flowing through the coil develops a strong magnetic field in the coil. When the cam turns and opens the
points, current in the primary coil winding stops flowing.

The magnetic field collapses very rapidly. This collapse generates (by self-induction) a strong counter voltage in the
primary coil many times greater than the initial battery voltage.

The capacitor at this point helps stop current from continuing to flow across the points, as they begin to open, by
providing a place for the current to flow - by charging the capacitor. This charging also boosts the counter voltage by
developing a highly positive area on the coil side of the capacitor.

The high counter voltage in the primary winding (up to 300 V) induces a very high voltage (mutual induction) in the
secondary winding which jumps the spark plug gap and ignites the air-fuel mixture.
Each time the points open the spark plug "fires." Without the capacitor
the points would become pitted from arcing across the gap as the points
open.

Higher primary counter voltage is also possible because of the capacitor.

The cam opens and closes the points at a rate determined by crankshaft
speed.

The position of the cam follower on the points in relationship to the cam
determines spark timing.

Often bikes with two cylinders have two point sets operated by the same
cam, two capacitors and two coils to fire the two spark plugs.

Other combinations of points sets and coils are also used for multi Fig. shows Cam and points plate with arrow
cylinder engines. to show plate rotation movement .
Magneto Ignition
An ignition system that uses a magnetic induction generator for the
primary current source is called a magneto.

The components are much like the battery coil system. Such as; a points
set, cam, capacitor, primary, and secondary coils.

One major difference is that the primary current is supplied by the

action of the magnet rotating past the primary coil, causing a high
induced voltage in the primary coil.

Most motorcycle magnetos fire on the field coil build-up, not its
collapse.

Magneto ignition system is mainly used in 2 wheelers, kick start

engines.(Example, Bajaj Scooters, Boxer, Victor, Splendor, Passion,etc.).

In this case magneto will produce and supply Current to the primary
winding. So in magneto ignition system magneto replaces the battery.
A Magneto has several advantages that can be useful:

1.A battery and separate generating system are not necessary.

2. It has a simple construction of high reliability.

3. It provides a small engine with additional inertia at low speeds for smooth running.

An additional primary coil can be built in the "mag" for providing additional current to power lights and other
accessories.

Some bikes have an external self-contained magneto added to replace the original ignition system. These optional
equipment mags are designed to produce a very hot spark for severe operating conditions.
How does it work?

The "mag" system, except energy transfer types, works like this:

1. The magnet rotates past the coil, inducing a high primary current.
(In Some "mags" the coil rotates past the magnet).
Magnet moving past coil showing the current induction direction

2. The primary current develops a strong magnetic field around

the primary coil.

3. The ignition points are opened by the cam, causing a rapid collapse of the magnetic field.

4. The condenser prevents current from arcing across the points by providing an alternate place for it to go. This
charges the condenser.

5. Even higher current is induced in primary winding by the rapid collapse of the magnetic field (self-induction) and
condenser discharge.

6. A very high voltage (10,000 to 30,000 V) is induced in the secondary winding by mutual induction when self-
induction occurs in the primary winding.

7. The high secondary voltage jumps the spark plug gap to complete its circuit and "fire" the plug.
Electronic Ignition
The major type of electronic ignition system found on bikes is the capacitor discharge system.

Basically, a large capacitor is charged with direct current of from 100 to 400 volts.

A rotating signal magnet induces current that triggers (gates) a part called a thyristor which then allows the
capacitor to discharge through the ignition coil primary.

It mainly consists of 6-12Vbattery,ignitionswitch,DC to DC convertor, charging resistance, tank capacitor, Silicon

Controlled Rectifier(SCR),SCR-triggering device,step up transformer, sparkplugs.

A6-12volt battery is connected to DC to DC converter i.e power circuit through the ignition
switch, which is designed to give or increase the voltage to 250-350 volts.

This high voltage is used to charge the tank capacitor(or condenser) to this voltage through the charging resistance.
How does it work?
A6-12volt battery is connected to DC to DC converter i.e.power circuit through the ignition
switch,which is designed to give or increase the voltage to 250-350 volts.

This high voltage is used to charge the tank capacitor(or condenser) to this voltage through the charging
resistance.

The charging resistance is also so designed that it controls the required currentin the SCR.

Depending up on the engine firing order, when ever the SCR triggering device, sends a pulse then the current
flowing through the primary winding is stopped. And the magnetic field begins To collapse.

This collapsing magnetic field will induce or step up high voltage current in the secondary, which while jumping
the spark plug gap produces the spark,and the charge of airFuel mixture is ignited.
Advantages of Electronic Ignition
1.No moving parts. It is controlled by the electronic control unit(ECU).

2.Emission is less as compared to other means because this system is environmentally friendly.

3.It increases the efficiency of the engine and also it is feul efficient.

The disadvantage of electronic ignition

1.simply reliability.

2.Using a conventional distributor means they will eventually wear and require replacing,adding to
potential repair costs.

3.Also the ignition timing can not be as precisely controlled as with more sophisticated
system,resulting in poor feul efficiency and lethargic acceleration.
AC GENERATOR
A generator is a machine that converts available mechanical energy into electrical energy.

AC generator, also known as alternators, is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The generated electrical energy is in the form of an alternating current sinusoidal output waveform.

The mechanical energy is usually supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines, and combustion engines.

AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction which states that
electromotive force -EMF or voltage – is generated in a current-carrying conductor that cuts a uniform
magnetic field.

This can either be achieved by rotating a conducting coil in a static magnetic field, or by rotating the magnetic
field that contains the stationary conductor.
The various components of an AC generator are:
Field:- The field consists of coils of conductors that receive a voltage from the source and produce magnetic flux.
The magnetic flux in the field cuts the armature to produce magnetic flux. This voltage is the output voltage of the
AC generator.

Armature:- The part of an AC generator in which the voltage is produced is known as an armature.
This component primarily consists of coils of wire that are large enough to carry the full-load current of the
generator.
Prime Mover:-The component used to drive the AC generator is known as a prime mover.
The prime mover could either be a diesel engine, a steam turbine, or a motor.

Rotor:-The rotating component of the generator is known as a rotor.

The generator’s prime mover drives the rotor.

Based on the type of generator, this component may either be the armature or the field.

The rotor will be the armature if the voltage output is generated there; the rotor will be the field if the field
excitation is applied there.
Stator:-The stator of an AC generator is the stationary part.

As the rotor, this component may be the armature or the field, depending on the type of generator.

The stator will be the armature if the voltage output is generated there; the stator will be the field if the field
excitation is applied there The stators of all rotating-field alternators are about the same.

Slip Rings:-Slip rings are electrical connections that are used to transfer power to and fro from the rotor of an AC
generator.
Working of an AC Generator:-

When the armature rotates between the poles of the magnet

upon an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field, the flux linkage
of the armature changes continuously. Due to this, an emf is
induced in the armature.

This produces an electric current that flows through

the galvanometer and the slip rings and brushes.
The galvanometer swings between positive and negative values.

This indicates that there is an alternating current flowing through the galvanometer.

The direction of the induced current can be identified using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.

The Working Principle of Generators is that they are frequently referred to as alternators and operate on the
principle of conductor moves in a uniform field, causing an EMF.
Advantages of AC Generators

Following are a few advantages of AC generators over DC generators:

1. AC generators can be easily stepped up and stepped down through transformers.

2. Transmission link size might be thinner because of the step-up feature

3. Losses are relatively lesser than DC machine

4. Size of the AC generators are relatively smaller than DC generators

 END!
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