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Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS)

An automated guided vehicle (AGV) is a computer-controlled driverless vehicle used to transport materials within a manufacturing facility. AGVs are powered by onboard batteries and use guidance technologies like embedded wires, magnetic strips, or lasers to follow predetermined paths without human operation. AGVs provide benefits like increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and improved safety compared to manual transport. Common applications of AGVs include use in pharmaceutical, automotive, and warehousing facilities.

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Anjan Kumar
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425 views17 pages

Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS)

An automated guided vehicle (AGV) is a computer-controlled driverless vehicle used to transport materials within a manufacturing facility. AGVs are powered by onboard batteries and use guidance technologies like embedded wires, magnetic strips, or lasers to follow predetermined paths without human operation. AGVs provide benefits like increased efficiency, reduced labor costs, and improved safety compared to manual transport. Common applications of AGVs include use in pharmaceutical, automotive, and warehousing facilities.

Uploaded by

Anjan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE

SYSTEM (AGVS)
 An AGV is a computer controlled, driverless vehicle used for
transporting materials from point-to-point in a manufacturing
setting.
 AGVs are powered by means of on-board batteries that allow
operation for several hours between recharging.
 About 90% of all AGVs are wire-guided vehicles. A wire
embedded about an inch deep in the floor, emits low-level signal
(0.5 ampere current), which the antenna of the carrier picks up
and the on-board controller analyses to determine the route.
 Wire-guided systems work best on floors with uncomplicated
paths and limited distances.
 Some recent developments are taped or striped paths with painted
lines or metal films defining the route.
 Another recent technology is a chemical strip that is laid over
any surface and needs little maintenance.
 Route changes can be made easily without interrupting
production.
 In a FMS/CIMplant, AGVs are integratedwith other plant
resourcesand equipment through their controllers.
 The controller links the vehicle with the guide path and is thus
the ‘brain’ of the entire AGV system.
The various types of AGVs are:
(a)Driverless trains
(b)AGVs pallet trucks
(c)AGVs unit load carriers
AGVS ADVANTAGES

 Just-in-time deliveries.
 Reduced labour and operational costs.
 Reduced product damage.
 Higher operational efficiency and reliability.
 Increased safety.
APPLICATIONS OF AGVS

 Pharmaceutical  Food and beverage


 Chemical  Hospital
 Manufacturing  Warehousing
 Automotive  Theme parks
 Paper and print
VEHICLE GUIDANCE TECHNOLOGY

• There are four types of vehicle guidance technology-


1.LASER guidance technology
2.Magnetic spot guidance tech
3.Magnetic tapes
4.inductive guidance(wired)
1.LASER GUIDANCE TECHNOLOGY

 Area is mapped and stored in computers memory.


 Navigation is done by using Reflecting tapes,fixed reference
points, or fixed machines.
 AGV consists of laser transmitter and receiver on rotating
turrets.LASER is transmitted and received by same sensor.
 The angle and distance to reflectors in range are automatically
calculated and compared to maps stored in AGV memory.
 Guide path is easily changed and easy to expand the layouts.
 Most reliable form of navigation.
 Dynamic control of traffic management.
2.MAGNETIC SPOT GUIDANCE TECH

 Guide path is marked with magnetic pucks that are placed in or


on the floor.
 AGV is fitted with appropriate sensors to follow the path of the
tapes.
 IT can be easily relocated.
 In high traffic area tapes may be damaged or get dirty.
3.INDUCTIVE GUIDANCE(WIRED GUIDANCE)

 Here floor is cut and guide paths are embedded and AGV follow the
path of the slots.
 Wire transmits the radio signals.
 Guide sensors are mounted on the AGV very close to the ground
 IT cannot be easily altered.
 Sensors detect the radio signals and gives the relative positions of
the AGV and helps to steer.
Other technology used are-
 Inertial navigation
 Vision guidance
 Geoguidance
VEHICLE MANAGEMENT & SAFETY

Aspects of vehicle management


 Forward (on-board vehicle) sensing.
 Zone control.
 Vehicle dispatching.
(i) On-board control panel
(ii)Remote call stations
(iii)Central computer control
Vehicle Safety
 An inherent safety feature of an AGV is that its traveling speed
is slower than the normal walking pace of a human.
 Automatic stopping of the vehicle takes place if it strays more
than a short distance, typically 50-150 mm.
 Vehicles are programmed either to stop when an obstacle is
sensed ahead or to slow down.
 When the safety bumper makes contact with an object, the
vehicle is programmed to brake immediately.
 Travel velocity of AGV is slower than typical walking speed of
human worker
 Automatic stopping of vehicle takes place if it strays from guide path.
 It has a obstacle detection system in forward direction.
 Use of ultrasonic sensors are common Emergency in bumper - brakes
vehicle when contact is made with forward object.
 It has warning lights (blinking or rotating red lights)
Rail-Guided Vehicles
 These are self-propelled vehicles that ride on a fixed-rail system.
These vehicles operate independently and are driven by electric
motors that pick up power from an electrified rail.
Overhead monorail
 It is suspended overhead from the ceiling.
On-floor - parallel fixed rails
 Here tracks generally protrude up from the floor. Routing variations
are possible. It consists of switches, turntables and other special
track sections.

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