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Physics Review

The document provides an overview of general physics skills and concepts for Science 10, including: - Understanding units of measurement for variables like distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. - Knowing how to rearrange and use physics formulas to calculate values like velocity, acceleration, force, work, and energy. - Distinguishing between scalar and vector quantities, and understanding graphs of distance-time and velocity-time. - Grasping the different forms and conversions of energy, including potential, kinetic, mechanical, and the laws of thermodynamics.

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Dennis Summitson
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views

Physics Review

The document provides an overview of general physics skills and concepts for Science 10, including: - Understanding units of measurement for variables like distance, time, velocity, and acceleration. - Knowing how to rearrange and use physics formulas to calculate values like velocity, acceleration, force, work, and energy. - Distinguishing between scalar and vector quantities, and understanding graphs of distance-time and velocity-time. - Grasping the different forms and conversions of energy, including potential, kinetic, mechanical, and the laws of thermodynamics.

Uploaded by

Dennis Summitson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS

GENERAL SKILLS:
-KNOW YOUR UNITS and VARIABLES.
-distance (d) = metres (m), kilometres (km), etc.
-time (t) = seconds (s), hours (h), etc.
-velocity (speed) (v) = m, km  = change in. ie) v = v2 – v1
s h
-acceleration (a) = m/s2, km/h2
-Force (F) = Newtons (N) = kg•m/s2
-Work (W) = Joules (J) = kg•m2/s2
-Potential Energy (EP) = Joules (J)
-Kinetic Energy (EK) = Joules (J)
-Mechanical Energy (Em) = Joules (J)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
GENERAL SKILLS:
-KNOW HOW TO REARRANGE FORMULAS:
-ie. v = d/t d = v•t t = d/v
F = ma m = F/a a = F/m
-KNOW YOUR UNIT PREFIXES.
- ie. kilo, milli, centi
-KNOW ABOUT SCIENTIFIC NOTATION.
-ie. 3.4 x 104 = 34000
-KNOW HOW TO USE YOUR CALCULATOR
-ie. How to put in Sci. Notation (EE button), order of
operations, etc.
-BE AWARE OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS.
-ie. DON’T ROUND UNTIL THE END OF CALCULATIONS
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
GENERAL SKILLS:
- KNOW ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
- PROBLEM
-HYPOTHESIS
-MATERIALS
-PROCEDURE
-OBSERVATIONS
-CONCLUSIONS
- KNOW ABOUT VARIABLES.
- MANIPULATED (INDEPENDENT)
- RESPONDING (DEPENDENT)
- FIXED (CONTROLLED)(CONSTANTS)
- WHAT IS A CONTROL IN AN EXPERIMENT?
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
GENERAL SKILLS:
-KNOW HOW TO GRAPH.
- BAR OR LINE?,
-TITLE,
-LABEL AXES WITH UNITS INDICATED IN BRACKETS,
- PROPER & EQUAL SCALE OF NUMBERS ON AXES
- POINTS PLOTTED ACCURATELY
- LINE OF BEST FIT (IF APPLICABLE)
- LEGEND (IF REQUIRED)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
GENERAL SKILLS:
-KNOW HOW TO READ A GRAPH.
- CALCULATE SLOPE, RISING?, FALLING?,
HORIZONTAL?, SLOPE REPRESENTS?, AREA?

d d d d

t t t t
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 Graph 4
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
-KNOW HOW TO USE THE PHYSICS FORMULAS:
v = d/t = d2 – d1
t 2 – t1
a = v/t = v2 – v1
t 2 – t1
F = ma = m•v/t
W = Fd = mad = m • v/t • d
EP = mgh
Ek = ½ mv2
Em = Ep + Ek
Efficiency = Useful work out x 100
Energy in
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
-DISTANCE vs. TIME GRAPHS (making, reading, slope):
WHAT IS THE SLOPE OF
THE RED LINE?
0 m/s = no movement
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN PURPLE,
GREEN, AND BLUE?
BLUE = FAST; PURPLE = SLOW
WHAT DOES THE ORANGE
LINE SHOW?
MOVEMENT TOWARD YOU
WHAT DOES THE PINK LINE
SHOW?
ACCELERATION
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
-SCALAR vs. VECTOR QUANTITIES:

SCALAR – ONLY “HOW MUCH” (MAGNITUDE)


ie. DISTANCE (4m), SPEED (10m/s)
VECTOR –MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
ie. DISPLACEMENT (4m [N]), VELOCITY (10m/s [E])
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
-VELOCITY vs. TIME GRAPHS (making, reading, slope, area):
WHAT IS THE SLOPE OF
THE RED LINE?
0 m/s2 = constant speed
WHAT DOES THE PURPLE
LINE SHOW?
Changing speed =
acceleration
WHAT DOES THE ORANGE
LINE SHOW?
Changing speed =
deceleration
WHAT IS THE AREA
UNDER THE RED LINE?
AREA = lw = vt = distance (m)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
- FORCE: USE FORMULA, KNOW UNITS, EXAMPLES

FORCE = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION (m/s2)


kg•m/s2 = Newtons (N)
BIGGER (MORE MASSIVE) THINGS APPLY MORE FORCE.
FASTER ACCELERATION REQUIRES MORE FORCE.
FORCE OF GRAVITY = MASS (kg) x ACCELERATION
DUE TO GRAVITY
(m/s2)
= MASS (kg) x 9.81 m/s2 (on Earth)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
- WORK: USE FORMULA, KNOW UNITS, EXAMPLES

WORK = FORCE (N) x DISTANCE (m)


N•m = kg•m2/s2 = JOULES (J) => UNIT OF ENERGY
RULES:
1) THERE MUST BE MOVEMENT
2) THERE MUST BE FORCE APPLIED
3) FORCE AND DISTANCE MOVED MUST BE IN
THE SAME DIRECTION.
THE CHANGE IN ENERGY IS EQUAL TO THE WORK DONE
E = W
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
FORMS OF ENERGY

CHEMICAL, ELECTRICAL, NUCLEAR, SOLAR, MOTION, HEAT

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY


EP = mgh m = mass (kg);
g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2);
h = height above ground (m)
WEIGHT (W) = mg = the FORCE of gravity pulling on you

ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY


CAN BE CALCULATED BY THE WORK PUT INTO
STRETCHING THE ELASTIC (WORK = FORCE x DISTANCE)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
FORMS OF ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
Ek = ½ mv2 m = mass (kg);
v = velocity (m/s)

SPEED HAS A GREATER EFFECT ON AMOUNT OF KINETIC


ENERGY THAN DOES MASS (BECAUSE IT IS SQUARED).

KINETIC ENERGY CAN BE CONVERTED TO POTENTIAL


ENERGY AND VISA VERSA.
ie. IF SHOOTING AN ARROW STRAIGHT UP:
EP (AT TOP) = Ek (AT BOTTOM)
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
FORMS OF ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
Em = Ep + Ek = mgh + ½ mv2

OBJECTS (ie. A THROWN BALL) MAY HAVE BOTH


MOVEMENT AND HEIGHT (POTENTIAL ENERGY) AT THE
SAME TIME. TOTAL ENERGY IS ALWAYS CONSERVED.
THIS IS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY (THE
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS).

OPEN, CLOSED, AND ISOLATED SYSTEMS:


OPEN = EXCHANGE MATTER AND ENERGY
CLOSED = EXHANGE ENERGY; NOT MATTER
ISOLATED = DON’T EXCHANGE EITHER
SCIENCE 10 - PHYSICS
FORMS OF ENERGY
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS:
HEAT MOVES FROM HOT TO COLD THINGS.

EFFICIENCY
EFFICIENCY = USEFUL ENERGY (WORK) OUT
TOTAL ENERGY (WORK) IN

MACHINES AND SYSTEMS CAN NEVER BE AT OR OVER


100% EFFICIENT. SOME ENERGY IS ALWAYS LOST AS
HEAT ENERGY (NOT USEFUL).

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