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Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm systems detect smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies through automatic detectors like smoke and heat detectors or manual activation devices. There are different types of detectors including heat, smoke, carbon monoxide, and multi-sensor detectors. Fire alarm systems can also be conventional, addressable, intelligent, or wireless depending on how the detectors communicate with the main control panel.

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GDELA CRUZ, PRINCEZKHA ANN D.
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96 views5 pages

Fire Alarm System

Fire alarm systems detect smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies through automatic detectors like smoke and heat detectors or manual activation devices. There are different types of detectors including heat, smoke, carbon monoxide, and multi-sensor detectors. Fire alarm systems can also be conventional, addressable, intelligent, or wireless depending on how the detectors communicate with the main control panel.

Uploaded by

GDELA CRUZ, PRINCEZKHA ANN D.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fire alarm system
A fire alarm system warns people when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-related
emergencies are detected. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke
detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation
devices such as manual call points or pull stations.
 
Different Types of Fire Alarm Detectors 

Heat
detector
1. Heat detector can either work on a fixed temperature basis,
where it will trigger an alarm if the temperature exceeds a pre-set
value, or they can work on the rate of change in temperature.

2. Smoke Detectors
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically
as an indicator of fire. Commercial smoke detectors issue
a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm
system.
 
There are three basic types of smoke detectors including:
– Ionization
– Light Scattering
– Light Obscuring
2.1. Ionization Smoke Detector
Ionization Smoke detector generally contains two chambers. The first is used as a reference
to compensate for changes in ambient temperature, humidity or pressure. The second
chamber contains a radioactive source, usually alpha particle, which ionizes the air passing
through the chamber where a current flow between two electrodes. When smoke enters the
chamber the current flow decreases. This drop in current flow is used to initiate an alarm
2.2. Light Scattering Smoke Detector
The light scattering smoke detector operates on the Tyndall effect; a photocell and light source are
separated from each other by a darkened chamber such that the light source does not fall on the
photocell. The passage of smoke into the chamber causes the light from the source to be scattered
and fall on the photocell. The photocell output is being used to initiate an alarm
2.3. Light Obscuring Smoke Detector
In the Light obscuring smoke detector, smoke interferes with a light beam between a light source and
photocell. The photocell measures the amount of light it receives. The variation in photocell output, is
being used to initiate an alarm.
This type of fire detection equipment can be used to protect large areas with the light source and
photocell positioned some distance apart.
3. Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Carbon monoxide detectors are known also as CO
fire detectors are electronic detectors used to
indicate the outbreak of fire by sensing the level of
carbon monoxide in the air. Carbon monoxide is a
poisonous gas produced by combustion
4. Multi-Sensor Detectors
The Multi-sensor detectors combine inputs from
both optical and heat sensors and process them
using a sophisticated algorithm built into the
detector circuitry
5. Manual Call Points
A Manual Call Point or Break Glass Call Point is a device which
enables personnel to raise the alarm by breaking the frangible
element on the fascia; this then triggers the alarm
 Different Types of Fire Alarm Systems
Fire Alarm Systems can be broken down into four main types;
– Conventional
– Addressable
– Intelligent
– Wireless
1. Conventional Fire Alarm Systems
In a Conventional Fire Alarm System, physical cabling is used to interconnect several call points and
detectors, the signals from which are wired back to the main control unit
2. Addressable Fire Alarm Systems
The detection principle of an Addressable System is the same as a Conventional System except that
each detector is given a set Address (usually by means of a dip-switch) and the Control Panel can
then determine exactly which detector or call point has initiated the alarm.
3. Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems
However, in our next type of System, which is an Intelligent Fire Alarm system, each detector
effectively incorporates its own computer which evaluates the environment around it and
communicates to the Control Panel whether there is a fire, fault or the detector head needs cleaning.
4. Wireless Fire Alarm Systems
The final type of system we will consider is the Wireless Fire Alarm System.
These are an effective alternative to traditional wired fire alarm systems for all applications. They utilize
secure, license-free radio communications to interconnect the sensors and devices with the controllers.
FIRE PROTECTION SYMBOLS

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