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Breeding Group 3

This document provides information about the process of emasculation. It discusses that emasculation involves removing the male parts (stamens or anthers) from a flower to prevent self-fertilization. Various methods of emasculation are then outlined, including hand emasculation, suction, hot water treatment, alcohol treatment, cold treatment, genetic emasculation, and using gametocides. The document also notes that after emasculation, the flower must be bagged to prevent random cross-pollination before the desired pollen is applied and the flower is tagged for record keeping.

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Mohaajanan Ali
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34 views

Breeding Group 3

This document provides information about the process of emasculation. It discusses that emasculation involves removing the male parts (stamens or anthers) from a flower to prevent self-fertilization. Various methods of emasculation are then outlined, including hand emasculation, suction, hot water treatment, alcohol treatment, cold treatment, genetic emasculation, and using gametocides. The document also notes that after emasculation, the flower must be bagged to prevent random cross-pollination before the desired pollen is applied and the flower is tagged for record keeping.

Uploaded by

Mohaajanan Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GROUP 3

• Names: ID
1. Maxamed Daud Salax 400
2. Muqtaar A/lahi Maalin 392
3. Axmed A/samad Xuriye 389
4. Maxamed Mahdi Xersi 410
5. Yaxye cadaani 402
6. Deeqa Abdi Jama 446
7. Leylo A/raxman Cilmi 377
Sub: Plant breeding

Lec: Prof A/aziiz Biiriye

Persentation:Emasculation
Introduction
• Removal of stamens or anthers or killing the pollen of a
flower without the female reproductive organ is known as
Emasculation.
• Emasculation is used during process of hybridization for
crop improvement programme.
PURPOSE OF EMASCULATION
• Emasculation is essential process in bisexual flowers to
obtain the desired variety of a plant by crossing a particular
plant with the desired pollen grain.
• The main objective is to prevent self-fertilization in the
flowers.
• In monoecious plants, male flower or male inflorescence
(maize) are removed; while in the case of dioecious plants,
male plants are removed.
Emasculation procedure
1. Hand Emasculation
2. Suction Method
3. Hot Water Treatment
4. Alcohol Treatment
5. Cold Treatment
6. Genetic Emasculation
7. Use of Gametocide
Hand Emasculation
• In species with large flowers, removal of anthers is possible
with the help of forceps.
• It is done before anther dehiscence.
• It is generally done between 4 and 6 PM one day before
anthers dehisce.
• The corolla of the selected flower is opened with the help of
forceps and the anthers are carefully removed with the help
of forceps.
• Sometimes corolla may be totally removed along with
epipetalous stamens e.g. gingelly.
Suction Method
• It is useful in species with small flowers.
• Emasculation is done in the morning immediately after the
flowers open
• A thin rubber or a glass tube attached to a suction hose is
used to suck the anthers from the flowers.
• The amount of suction used is very important which should
be sufficient to suck the pollen and anthers but not
gynoecium.
Hot Water Treatment
• Pollen grains are more sensitive than female reproductive
organs to both genetic and environmental factors.
• In case of hot water emasculation, the temperature of water
and duration of treatment vary from crop to crop.
• It is determined for every species.
• For sorghum 42-48 for 10 minutes is found to be suitable. In
the case of rice, 10 minutes treatments with 40-44 is
adequate.
• Alcohol Treatment
• It is not commonly used, The method consists of
immersing the inflorescence in alcohol of suitable
concentration for a brief period followed by rinsing
with water.
• In Lucerne the inflorescence immersed in 57% alcohol
for10 second was highly effective.
• It is better method of emasculation than suction
method.
Cold Treatment
• Cold treatment like hot water treatment kills the pollen grains
without damaging gynoecium.
• In the case of rice, treatment with cold water 0.6 kills the
pollen grains without affecting the gynoecium.
• This is less effective than hot water treatment.
Genetic Emasculation
• Genetic/ cytoplasmic male sterility may be used to eliminate
the process of emasculation.
• This is useful in the commercial production of hybrids in
maize, sorghum pearl millet, onion, cotton, and rice, etc.
• In many species of self-incompatible cases, also
emasculation is not necessary, because self-fertilization will
not take place. Protogyny will also facilitate crossing without
emasculation (e.g.) Cumbu.
Use of Gametocide
• Use of Gametocide Also known as chemical hybridizing
agents (CHA).
• chemicals which selectively kills the male gamete without
affecting the female gamete, e.g. Ethrel, Sodium methyl
arsenate, Zinc methyl arsenate in rice, Maleic hydrazide for
cotton and wheat
Bagging
• Immediately after emasculation the flower or inflorescence
enclosed with suitable bags of appropriate size to prevent
random cross-pollination.
Pollination
• The pollen grains collected from a desired male parent should
be transferred to the emasculated flower. This is normally
done in the morning hours during anthesis. The flowers are
bagged immediately after artificial crossing.
Tagging
• The flowers are tagged just after bagging. They are attached
to the inflorescence or to the flower with the help of a thread.

• The following may be recorded on the tag with pencil.


• Information on tags
• 1. Date of emasculation
• 2. Date of pollination
• 3. Parentage
• 4. No. of flowers emasculate
END

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