Midterm

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Revision
CH.1- CH.2 - CH.10 - CH.4
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Essay Questions

 What does management mean?

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True or False

 Determining who reports to whom Is part of the controlling function of

management.

 Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs

 Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function of management.

 All organizations have a structure that in some ways serves to define and
limit the behavior of members of the organization.
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True or False

 Most people who study management think that Fayol's categories are more
useful than Mintzberg's

 The political skills of a manager consist mainly of the ability to understand

the workings of government and to present information effectively to others
in the form of political speechmaking

 Technical skills involve a manager's ability to think logically and effectively

about abstract situations

 A small business manager in many ways combines the roles of top

manager and first-line manager in a large business.
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Multiple Choice Questions

Which of the following types of managers is responsible for making

organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect
the entire organization?
A. team leader

B. top manager

C. department head

D. project leader
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MCQs

Supervisor is another name for which of the following?

A. team leader

B. middle manager

C. first-line manager

D. top manager
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MCQs

A candy manufacturer that made candy at a lower cost without improving the
quality of the candy could be said to ________.
A. increase effectiveness without increasing efficiency

B. increase efficiency without increasing effectiveness

C. increase both effectiveness and efficiency

D. decrease both effectiveness and efficiency

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MCQs

Today, the basic management functions are considered to be ________.

A. planning, coordinating, leading, and monitoring

B. planning, organizing, leading, and motivating

C. commanding, organizing, leading, and decision making

D. planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

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MCQs

According to Katz, the four critical managerial skills can be classified as

________.
A. technical, political, conceptual, and empirical

B. interpersonal, political, empirical, and technical

C. technical, interpersonal, political, and controlling

D. technical, political, interpersonal, and conceptual

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MCQs

Even people who have no plans to be managers can benefit from studying
management because ________.
A. they are likely to be managed in their work career

B. everyone ends up managing

C. they need to be able to outsmart their managers

D. management helps people control their emotions

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MCQs

________ developed a categorization scheme for defining what managers

do, consisting of 10 different but highly interrelated roles.
A. Henri Fayol

B. Robert L. Katz

C. Henry Mintzberg

D. Henry Ford
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MCQs

Non-profit organizations are different from for-profit organizations

primarily ________.
A. in the way make decisions

B. in the way they measure success

C. in the way they motivate employees

D. in how they hire employees

 Revision
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CH.2
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Essay Questions

 What is Organizational Culture?

 Where Does an Organization’s Culture Come

From?
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True or False

 An organization’s competitors and employees are considered to be

stakeholders who are affected by the organization’s decisions and
actions.

 Stakeholders are any constituencies in an organization’s

environment that are affected by that organization’s decisions and
actions.

 In strong organizational cultures, employees have little knowledge

of company history or heroes, what is important is present
performance.
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Ture or False

 The external environment of an organization includes factors

and forces that can affect how the organization operates.

 The components of an organization's external environment

include a technological component and a political component

 The overall trend toward globalization is part of the political

component of an organization's external environment
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Ture or False

 Technology has changed the way managers manage by

forcing them to keep track of employees in remote locations
at all times of the day and nigh

 Employees learn organizational culture by reading official

organization documents and histories

 An organization's founder has little influence on its culture

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MCQs

Which of the following factors is a demographic component of an

organization’s external environment?
A. Lifestyles and behavior

B. Political stability

C. Geographic location

D. Stock market fluctuations

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MCQ

Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?

A. Degree of change and degree of complexity

B. Degree of change and degree of volume

C. Degree of complexity and degree of impact

D. Degree of impact and degree of timing

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MCQ

If the components of an organization’s environment change frequently, the

organization is operating in a______ environment.
A. Stable

B. Secure

C. Dynamic

D. Constant
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MCQ

If the components in an organization’s environment exhibit minimal change

such an environment is said to be_____
A. Volatile

B. Dynamic

C. Stable

D. Active
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MCQ

The term ____ is used to collectively refer to any constituencies in an

organization’s environment that are affected by its decisions and actions.
A. Competitors

B. Shareholders

C. Unions

D. Stakeholders
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MCQ

Organizational _____ typically contain narratives about significant events or

people in the organization.
A. stories

B. rituals

C. language

D. material artifacts
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MCQ

Which of the following is not involved with the demographic component of an

organization's external environment?
A. values

B. gender

C. race

D. income
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MCQ

Which of the following best defines environmental uncertainty?

A. the amount of innovation and creativity in an organization's internal
environment

B. the amount of resources and expertise in an organization's internal

environment

C. the amount of change and confidence in an organization's external

environment

D. the amount of change and complexity in an organization's external

environment
 Revision
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CH.10
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Essay Question

 What is Group cohesiveness?

 What is Social loafing?

 Compare between work group and work

teams.
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True or False

 A group consists of individuals who share specific goals.

 Formal groups tend to form around friendships and

common interests.
 To be considered a group, a gathering must include at
least five people.
 Diversity within a group typically makes reaching
consensus easier.
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True or False

 High cohesiveness always results in a

productivity increase.
 Managers should especially try to avoid
conflict during the storming stage of group
development
 There is no way to reduce social loafing within
a team
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MCQ

1.Many managers in today's business world have restructured work ________.

A. around individuals rather than teams

B. around teams rather than individuals

C. around both individuals and teams.

D. around groups rather than teams

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MCQ

2.Formal groups ________.

A. meet at a regular time and place

B. are defined by an organization's structure

C. include people who share a common interest

D. include people who eat lunch together each day

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MCQ

3.This kind of work group brings individuals together from different work
disciplines with different knowledge and skills.
A. formal group

B. cross-functional team

C. command group

D. self-managed team
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MCQ

4.The ________ stage of the group development process is complete when

members begin to think of themselves as part of a group.
A. forming

B. storming

C. norming

D. performing
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MCQ

5.This stage involves the most conflict during the entire group development
process.
A. forming

B. storming

C. norming

D. performing
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MCQ

6. Most workers learn what is expected from them on the job from group
________.
A. roles

B. size

C. cohesiveness

D. norms
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MCQ

7. Group norms typically are established ________.

A. by organizational leadership

B. formally by group leaders

C. informally by the entire group

D. in the official organizational bylaws

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MCQ

8. Small groups appear to perform better when it comes to ________.

A. problem solving

B. getting diverse input into a problem

C. speed of performing tasks

D. finding facts
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MCQ

9.The only effective way to guard against social loafing is for managers to
make special efforts to do this.
A. be fair to all group members

B. treat all group members equally

C. assess individual contributions of group members

D. assess the group as a whole exclusively

 Revision
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CH.4
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Essay Questions

 What does it mean by groupthink phenomenon and How can a manager

minimize its disadvantages?
 Explain the techniques for improve group decision making?
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True or False

1. The decision-making process begins by identifying decision criteria.

2. Once the alternatives to solving a problem have been identified, the next
step in the decision-making process is selecting one of these alternatives.

3. One assumption of rational decision- making is that the decision maker is

not aware of all possible alternatives and consequences

4. A rational decision will never fail to provide the best and most successful
solution to a problem

5. According to the concept of bounded rationality, managers make decisions

rationally, but are limited by their ability to process information
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True or False

6. Intuitive decision-making complements rational decision making but not

bounded rational decision making.

7. Risk is the condition in which a decision maker is able to estimate the

likelihood of certain outcomes.

8. A programmed decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a

routine approach.

9. Non-programmed decision making relies on procedures, rules, and

policies
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True or False

10. A rule is simpler than a policy or a procedure to implement

11. Implementing a procedure requires more judgment and interpretation than

implementing a policy

12. Uncertainty involves a situation in which the probability of a certain

outcome is known to be small

13. A manager is more confident of his or her assessment of a situation if it

involves risk rather than uncertainty
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MCQ

1.A series of eight steps that begins with identifying a problem and concludes
with evaluating a decision's effectiveness is known as ________.
A. the decision-making process

B. decision support theory

C. a decision-tree analysis

D. a decision information system

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MCQ

2.To determine the ________, a manager must determine what is relevant or

important to resolving a problem.
A. bounded rationality of a decision

B. escalation of commitment

C. weight of the decision criteria

D. decision criteria
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MCQ

3.The final step in the decision-making process is to ________.

A. determine the criteria for the next decision

B. analyze the process of allocating weights to the decision criteria

C. evaluate the outcome of the decision

D. implement the chosen alternative

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MCQ

4.________ are straightforward, familiar, and easily defined.

A. Organic problems

B. Structured problems

C. Analogous problems

D. Nonprogrammed problems
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MCQ

5. A procedure ________.
A. is an explicit statement that tells a manager what can or cannot be done

B. is a series of sequential steps a manager uses to respond to a structured

problem

C. is used mainly for unstructured, rather than structured, problems

D. is subject to the interpretation of the decision maker

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MCQ

6.When problems are ________, managers must rely on ________ in order

to develop unique solutions.
A. structured; nonprogrammed decision making

B. structured; pure intuition

C. unstructured; nonprogrammed decision making

D. unstructured; programmed decision making

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MCQ

7.What is a heuristic?
A. a complicated and systematic method of decision making

B. a purely intuitive method of decision making

C. a totally unreliable method of decision making

D. a shortcut or rule of thumb that is used for decision making

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MCQ

8.Because they are not systematic or comprehensive, using heuristics in

place of an eight-step decision-making process can lead to ________.
A. errors and biases

B. consistently better decisions

C. more imaginative decisions

D. decisions that more directly solve problems

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MCQ

9.The three main models that managers use to make decisions are ________.
A. rational, bounded rational, and intuitive

B. rational, irrational, and bounded rational

C. intuitive, unintuitive, and rational

D. bounded rational, intuitive, and systematic