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4 Chapter 2B 19062023 051256pm

This document provides definitions and explanations of various units related to instrumentation and measurements. It defines units for energy, power, current, charge, voltage, resistance, inductance, capacitance and temperature. Energy is defined as the capacity to do work and power is defined as the rate of doing work. The SI units for current, charge, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance are also defined. Temperature scales including Celsius, Kelvin and their conversions are outlined. Other historical unit systems like CGS are also mentioned.

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Abdullah Zamir
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19 views

4 Chapter 2B 19062023 051256pm

This document provides definitions and explanations of various units related to instrumentation and measurements. It defines units for energy, power, current, charge, voltage, resistance, inductance, capacitance and temperature. Energy is defined as the capacity to do work and power is defined as the rate of doing work. The SI units for current, charge, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance are also defined. Temperature scales including Celsius, Kelvin and their conversions are outlined. Other historical unit systems like CGS are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Zamir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEN-316

INSTURMENTATION AND
MEASUREMENTS

Department of Electrical Engineering, BUIC


Definition of Energy
 Energy is defined as the capacity for doing work.
 Energy is measured in the same units as work.
Definition of Power
 Power is the time rate of doing work

 If a certain amount of work W is to be done in a


time t, power required is:
 Power= work/time
 P=W/t
 The SI Unit of Power is Watt (W)
Watt Definition
 Power developed when 1 joule of work is done in 1
second.

 For P=W/t, P is in watts, When W is in joules and t


is in seconds.
SI Electrical Units
Units of Current and Charge
 Electric Current is flow of charge carriers.

 So current could be defined as a quantity of


electricity passing a given point in a conductor
during a time of 1s.

 The Coulomb (C) is unit of electrical charge or


quantity of electrical”.
Continued….
 Coulomb was selected as fundamental unit from
which other units were derived.

 Current is easier to measure than charge so current


is now fundamental unit whereas charge is derived
unit, defined in terms of the unit of electric
current.
Ampere (A) Definition
 “ The Constant current which when flowing in each
of two infinitely long parallel conductors 1 meter
apart exerts a force of 2×10-7 newton per meter of
length on each conductor”.
Coulomb Definition
 “The charge which passes a given point in a
conductor each second, when a current of 1 ampere
flows”.

 These definitions shows that coulomb can be


termed as ampere-second. Where as current can be
termed as coulomb per second.
 Amperes=Coulombs/Seconds

 1 Coulomb is equal to total charge carried by


6.24×1018.
EMF, Potential Difference and
Voltage
 Volt is unit of Voltage, EMF and potential
difference.
Definition of Volt
 Potential difference between two points on a
conductor carrying a constant current of 1 ampere
when the power dissipated between these points is
1 watt.
 If only one electron is moved through 1V, energy
involved is 1 electron volt(eV):
1 eV= 1/6.24×1018
 Electron volt is used in case of very small energy
levels.
Resistance and Conductance
 Ohm is unit of resistance, representated by Greek
capital letter omega.
Definition of ohm
 “The resistance which permits a current flow of 1
ampere when a potential difference of 1 volt is
applied to the resistance”.
Conductance
 Conductance is reciprocal of resistance
representated by G.
 Unit of conductance is Siemens (S).
 Previously unit of conductance was mho.

 Conductance = 1/Resistance
Inductance
 inductance is the property of an electrical
conductor by which a change in current through it
induces an electromotive force in both the
conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by
mutual inductance.
 SI unit of Inductance is Henry (H).
 “ Inductance of a circuit is 1 henry, when an emf of
1 volt is induced by the current changing at the rate
of 1 A/s.
Capacitance
 Farad (F) is the SI unit of Capacitance.
 “Farad is the capacitance of a capacitor that
contains a charge of 1 coulomb when the potential
difference between its terminal is 1 volt”.
Temperature Scales
 There are two SI temperature Scales:
1. Celsius Scale or Centigrade.
2. Kelvin Scale or Absolute.
Celsius Scale
 Has 100 equal divisions or degrees between the
freezing and boiling temperature of water.

 At normal atmospheric pressure, water freezes at 0


degree Celsius and boils at 100 degree Celsius.
Kelvin Temperature Scale
 Also known as the absolute scale, commences at
absolute zero of temperature, which corresponds to
-273.15 degree Celsius.

 So 0 degree is Celsius is equal to 273.15K and 100


degree Celsius is same as 373.15K.

 A temperature difference of 1K is same as


temperature difference of 1 degree Celsius.
Formulas
 Celsius Temperature = F -32/1.8
 Kelvin Temperature = F -32/1.8 + 273.15
 Kelvin Temperature = Celsius temperature +
273.15
Other Unit Systems
 Before SI system was adopted, CGS system using
the centimeter, gram ad seconds as fundamental
mechanical units.

 There were two CGS systems:-


1. Electrostatic System
2. Magnetic System

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