Chapter 5

Organ Systems

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 Learning Objectives
Lesson 5.1: Organ Systems
 Define and contrast the terms organ and organ
system.
 List the major organ systems of the body.
 Identify and locate the major organs of each
major organ system.
 Briefly describe the major functions of each
major organ system.

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 Definitions and Concepts
 Organ
 A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissue
organized in such a way that they can together
perform a more complex function than can any tissue
alone
 Organ system
 A group of organs arranged in such a way that they
can together perform a more complex function than
can any organ alone

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 Integumentary System (1 of 3)
 Structure
 Has only one organ: The skin
 Has many millions of appendages
• Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Sense receptors
• Sweat and oil glands

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 Integumentary System (2 of 3)
 Functions
 Protection
 Regulation of body temperature
 Synthesis of chemicals
 Sense organ

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Integumentary System (3 of 3)

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 Skeletal System (1 of 2)
 Structure
 Bones
 Joints
 Functions
 Support
 Movement (with joints and muscles)
 Storage of minerals
 Blood cell formation

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Skeletal System (2 of 2)

Courtesy Barbara Cousins.

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 Muscular System (1 of 2)
 Structure
 Muscles
• Voluntary, or striated
• Involuntary, or smooth
• Cardiac
 Functions
 Movement
 Maintenance of body posture
 Production of heat

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Muscular System (2 of 2)

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 Nervous System (1 of 3)
 Structure
 Brain
 Spinal cord
 Nerves
 Sense organs
 Functions
 Communication
 Integration
 Control
 Recognition of sensory stimuli

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 Nervous System (2 of 3)
 System functions by production of nerve
impulses caused by stimuli of various types
 Control is fast-acting and of short duration

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Nervous System (3 of 3)

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 Endocrine System (1 of 4)
 Structure
 Pituitary gland
 Pineal gland
 Hypothalamus
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid glands
 Thymus gland
 Adrenal glands
 Pancreas
 Ovaries (female)
 Testes (male)

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Endocrine System (2 of 4)

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 Endocrine System (3 of 4)
 Endocrine system
 Functions
• Secretion of special substances called hormones directly
into the blood
• Organs of endocrine system perform same general functions
as nervous system
 Communication
 Integration
 Control

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 Endocrine System (4 of 4)
• Control is slow and of long duration
• Examples of hormone regulation
 Growth
 Metabolism
 Reproduction
 Fluid and electrolyte balance

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Cardiovascular (circulatory) System
(1 of 2)
 Structure
 Heart
 Blood vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
 Functions
 Transportation
 Regulation of body temperature
 Immunity (body defense)

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Cardiovascular System (2 of 2)

Courtesy Barbara Cousins.

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 Lymphatic System (1 of 2)
 Structure
 Lymph nodes
 Lymphatic vessels
 Tonsils
 Thymus
 Spleen
 Functions
 Transportation
 Immunity (body defense)

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Lymphatic System (2 of 2)

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 Immune System
 Structure
 All of the body’s defense systems
 Functions
 Protects from disease-causing microorganisms;
harmful toxins
 Helps us react appropriately to irritants; injuries

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 Respiratory System (1 of 3)
 Structure
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs

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 Respiratory System (2 of 3)
 Functions
 Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen
occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
 Warm and humidify incoming air
 Filtration of irritants from inspired air
 Regulation of acid-base balance

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Respiratory System (3 of 3)

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 Digestive System (1 of 4)
 Structure
 Primary organs
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Rectum
• Anal canal

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 Digestive System (2 of 4)
 Secondary (accessory) organs
 Teeth
 Salivary glands
 Tongue
 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Pancreas
 Appendix

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Digestive System (3 of 4)

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 Digestive Systems (4 of 4)
 Functions
 Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of
food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called
feces
 Appendix
 Structural but not a functional part of digestive system
 Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

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 Urinary System (1 of 3)
 Structure
 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra

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 Urinary System (2 of 3)
 Functions
 “Clearing” or cleaning blood of waste products; waste
product excreted from body is called urine
 Electrolyte balance
 Water balance
 Acid-base balance
 In males, urethra has urinary and reproductive
functions

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Urinary System (3 of 3)

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 Reproductive System (1 of 2)
 Structure
 Male
• Gonads: Testes
• Genital ducts: Vas deferens, urethra
• Accessory gland: Prostate
• Supporting structures: Genitalia (penis and scrotum)
 Female
• Gonads: Ovaries
• Accessory organs: Uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina
• Supporting structures: Genitalia (vulva), mammary glands
(breasts)

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Male Reproductive System

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Female Reproductive System

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 Reproductive System (2 of 2)
 Reproductive system
 Functions
• Survival of genes
• Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova)
• Transfer and fertilization of sex cells
• Development and birth of offspring
• Nourishment of offspring
• Production of sex hormones

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 The Body as a Whole
 Focus on how each system and its organs relate
to the body as a whole.
 Homeostasis explains how the body maintains
relative constancy
 No one body system functions entirely
independently of other systems

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