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Operational Amplifier

The document discusses operational amplifiers (op-amps), including their symbol, terminals, internal block diagram, input and output characteristics, and applications in circuits using negative feedback such as non-inverting amplifiers, inverting amplifiers, and followers. Key aspects covered are the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, as well as how negative feedback controls gain and impedances.

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raisa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Operational Amplifier

The document discusses operational amplifiers (op-amps), including their symbol, terminals, internal block diagram, input and output characteristics, and applications in circuits using negative feedback such as non-inverting amplifiers, inverting amplifiers, and followers. Key aspects covered are the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amps, as well as how negative feedback controls gain and impedances.

Uploaded by

raisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operational

Amplifier

Presented By-Raisa Labiba Khan


Outline Op-amp 01

1. What is op-amp?
2. Symbol and Terminals
3. Pin diagram
Operational Amplifier

Along amplification they are used to perform


mathematical
with operation such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, integration, differentiation etc. hence they
are called as operational amplifier or op-amp.
Symbol and terminals of op-amp
Two input terminals
The inverting (-) input
The noninverting (+) input

One output
Typically two supply is need.
One is positive and other is negative.
Industrial op-amp

LM 741
Pin Configuration
Outline Op-amp 02

1. Internal block diagram of op-amp


2. Op-amp input modes
3. Characteristics of ideal and practical op-amp
Internal Block diagram of op-amp

Typically it is made of Three (03) types of amplifier.


1. Differential amplifier: It is the input stage of the op-amp. Amplify
the difference voltage between the two inputs.
2. Voltage amplifier: It a class A amplifier that provides additional gain
(some op-amps have more than one voltage amplifier.
3. Push-pull amplifier: It is typically used for the output stage.
Op-amp input modes
Single-ended mode: One input is grounded and signal
is applied to the other terminal.

Inverted
amplified signal

Non-inverted
amplified signal
Differential mode: two opposite polarity (out of phase)
signals are applied to the input. The difference between the
two input is amplified.
An input, Vd is applied between the two input terminals with
the resulting amplified output in phase with that applied
between the plus and minus inputs. Figure 2 shows the same
action resulting when two separate signals are applied to the
inputs, the difference signal being Vd = V1 –V2

Figure 1 Figure 2
Common mode: Two signal of same phase, frequency and
amplitude are applied to the two inputs.
When equal input signals are applied to both inputs,
resulting output is zero. This action is called common-mode
rejection.
Voltage Transfer Curve
Characteristics of op-amp
Ideal op-amp
 Infinite voltage gain
 Infinite bandwidth
 Infinite input impedance
 Zero output impedance
Characteristics of op-amp
Practical op-amp
 Very high voltage gain
 Wide bandwidth
 Very high input impedance
 Very low output impedance
Outline Op-amp 03
1. Common mode input voltage
2. CMRR

Op-amp parameters
3. Common mode input voltage range
4. Input offset voltage
5. Input bias current
6. Input impedance
7. Input offset current
8. Output impedance
9. Slew rate
10. Frequency response parameters
11. Virtual ground
Common mode input voltage
It is the voltage that appears on the both input with
same

Amplitude (A)
Frequency
(f ) Phase (φ)

When equal input signal are applied to both inputs,


they cancel, resulting in a zero output voltage.
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
It is a measure of ability of an amplifier to
reject common mode signals
Practical op-amp exhibits a very small common mode
gain (<1).

It measure how much higher Open-loop gain


with respect to common mode gain.
Open-Loop Voltage Gain
Ratio of output voltage to input voltage when there is
no external component or no feedback. It is the
internal voltage gain. It is set entirely by the internal
design.
Slew rate
Outline Op-amp 04

1. What is negative feedback?


2. Why use negative feedback?
3. Op-amp with negative feedback
Close loop gain
Non-inverting amplifier & Voltage follower
Inverting amplifier
Effect of negative feedback on op-amp
impedance
Negative Feedback

system
input
+ Controller
-

Feedback
What is negative feedback?
Why use negative feedback?

 Gain is reduced and can be controlled so that the


op-amp can function as a linear amplifier
Non-inverting amplifier
Voltage follower
Inverting amplifier

 Control of input & output impedances,amplifier


bandwidth
Inverting Amplifier
Virtual Ground

V2

V1
Vo = Aol (V1 – V2)
V1 – V2 = Vo / Aol
V1 – V2 = 0
V1 = V2
As, V1 = 0, V1 = V2 = 0
So, we can consider node
Thank
you

The END

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